Heart Failure Definition: It represents the failure of the heart to supply adequate blood flow and, hence, nutrients and oxygen to metabolizing tissues.

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Presentation transcript:

Heart Failure Definition: It represents the failure of the heart to supply adequate blood flow and, hence, nutrients and oxygen to metabolizing tissues

Types of heart failure 1. High output vs low output failure: ► High output heart failure in: AnaemiaHyperthyroidism ► Low output failure in: HypertensionCHDCardiomyopathies

2. Right-sided vs left-sided heart failure Important causes of left and right heart failure: * Left heart failure: 1. Ischaemic heart disease 2. Rheumatic heart disease (MR – AS - AR) 3. Hypertension 4. Cardiomyopathy 5. Congenital heart disease ( VSD – PDA)

* Right heart failure: 1. Secondary to lung disease 2. Multiple pulmonary emboli 3. Rheumatic tricuspid valve disease (rarely) 4. Congenital heart disease (ASD – Any cyanotic heart disease with right to left shunt)

► Congestive heart failure (right heart failure 2ry to left heart failure) must be distinguished from cor- pulmonale ( right heart failure 2ry to lung disease) ► The symptoms and signs in these 2 conditions can be very similar, and the 2 may co-exist.

Symptoms and signs of left heart failure ► Dyspnea ► Orthopnea ► Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea ► Signs of pulmonary congestion (basal lung crepitations – pink frothy sputum) ► Cardiac asthma (wheezy chest) ► Pulmonary oedema (Bubbling crepitations)

Symptoms and signs of right heart failure ► Congested neck veins ► Hepatomegaly (tender enlarged liver – dyspepsia) ► Peripheral oedema ► Pleural effusion & ascites in advanced cases