WORK-RELATED BEHAVIORS ACROSS CULTURES

In times of change, learners inherit the earth, while the learned find themselves beautifully equipped to deal with a world that no longer exists. 1902-1983 Eric Hoffer Social Philosopher 1902-1983

Goethe: “ Freuet euch des wahren Scheins,/ Euch des ernsten Spieles:/ Kein Lebendiges ist ein Eins,/ Immer ist’s ein Vieles.“ (“Joy in true semblance take in any/ Earnest play:/ No living thing is one, I say/ But always Many.” – trans. by Christopher Middleton).

Values change Source: Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel, Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2005: p. 64

Materialism Post-materialism Conservatism Liberalism

Kant’s metaphysics Rokeach values survey Substitutable values Unique values Rokeach values survey Terminal values Instrumental values

Work-related values ”By the sweat of your face you shall eat bread, till you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken.” A job is just a way of earning money A job is a duty A job is a pleasure

Internal vs. External career

Career anchors (Schein, 1993) Managerial Competence Technical/Functional Competence Creativity Lifestyle Autonomy and Independence Pure challenge Security/Stability Service

Workplace characteristics - Romania * This statistic and following are excerpted from The SOROS foundation study on Work-related attitudes in Romania, December 2008

Workplace characteristics – Romania vs. rest of the world

Workplace characteristics

Organizational committment

Individualism/ colectivism