Welcome TVR ‘s Classical conditioning !!!!!

Learning YES LEARNING !

Wave Four: Behaviorism Behaviorism – ignored mental processes and studied only observable behavior – Believe behavior is LEARNED through conditioning or through observation Classical Conditioning Pavlov John B. Watson Operant Conditioning – B.F. Skinner Observational Learning – Bandura

Learning Long lasting change in a subjects behavior brought about by repeated experiences in that situation

Classical Conditioning

Ivan Pavlov Conducted 1 st experiments in associative learning Most known for studies in classical conditioning Studied Digestion of Dogs. – Dogs would salivate before they were given food (triggered by sounds, lights etc…) – Dogs must have LEARNED to salivate.

Classical Conditioning Respondent Behavior - actions that are automatic responses to a stimulus (Involuntary) – Passive learning (learner does not have to think) – Learning associations between events learner does not control First thing you need is a unconditional relationship. Unconditional Stimulus (UCS)- something that elicits a natural, reflexive response. – Example Unconditional Response (UCR)- response to the UCS. – Example

Classical Conditioning Next you find a neutral stimulus - something that by itself elicits no response – Example You present the stimulus with the UCS a whole bunch of times.

Classical Conditioning After a while, the body begins to link together the neutral stimulus with the UCS. Acquisition – initial learning of stimulus response relationship

Classical Conditioning Once learning takes place… Neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus (CS) Example: unconditioned response becomes the conditioned response (CR) Hint: conditioned response is always the same as the unconditioned response Example:

Timing Matters Delayed Conditioning: present CS, while CS is still there, present UCS. Trace Conditioning: present CS, short break, then present UCS. Simultaneous Conditioning: CS and UCS are presented at the same time. Backward Conditioning: UCS is presented, then CS is presented.

Popular Classical Conditioning Examples Two and a half men and Pavlov’s Bar Classical Conditioning as portrayed in The Office. See if you can identify the UCS, UCR, CS and CR.

Classical Conditioning Learning exists because the CS is now linked to the UCS…again this is called ACQUISITION. Example: Acquisition does not last forever

Extinction EXTINCTION - diminishing of a conditioned response Occurs when CS is no longer associated with the UCS, Example:

Spontaneous Recovery Spontaneous Recovery – the reappearance of a CR, after a pause, once it has been extinguished – Sometimes, after extinction, the CR still randomly appears after the CS is presented. – Occurs only after extinction has occurred Example

Generalization and Discrimination Generalization Something is so similar to the CS that you get a CR. Discrimination Something different to the CS so you do not get a CR. Example: