Chapter 1 By :Jigar M Pandya

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Chapter 1 By :Jigar M Pandya WCMP Chapter 1 By :Jigar M Pandya

What Is Mobile Computing? What is computing? Operation of computers (according to oxfords advance learner’s dictionary) What is the mobile? That someone /something can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place What is mobile computing? Users with portable computers still have network connections while they move

What Is Mobile Computing? A simple definition could be: Mobile Computing is using a computer (of one kind or another) while on the move Another definition could be: Mobile Computing is when a (work) process is moved from a normal fixed position to a more dynamic position.

What Is Mobile Computing? (Cont.) Mobile Computing is a term used to describe technologies that enable people to access network services anyplace, anytime, and anywhere. Mobile computing can be defined as a computing environment over physical mobility.

Comparison to Wired Net Wired Networks high bandwidth low bandwidth variability can listen on wire high power machines high resource machines need physical access(security) low delay connected operation Mobile Networks low bandwidth high bandwidth variability hidden terminal problem low power machines low resource machines higher delay disconnected operation

Why Go for Mobile? Enable anywhere/anytime connectivity Bring computer communications to areas without pre- existing infrastructure Enable mobility Enable new applications

Types of Wireless Devices Laptops Palmtops PDAs Cell phones Pagers Sensors …

Challenges Disconnection Low bandwidth High bandwidth variability Low power and resources Security risks Fit more functionality into single, smaller device

MOBILE COMPUTING Mobility The user of a mobile computing environment will be able to access data, information or other logical objects from any device in any network while on the move. Mobility User Mobility Device Mobility

MOBILE COMPUTING Cont. Anywhere, Anytime Information: This is the generic definition of ubiquity, where the information is available anywhere, all the time. Virtual Home Environment: (VHE) is defined as an environment in a foreign network such that the mobile users can experience the same computing experience as they have in their home or corporate computing environment. For example, one would like to put ones room heater on when one is about 15 minutes away from home.

Mobile Computing Functions We can define a computing environment as mobile if it supports one or more of the following characteristics: User Mobility Network Mobility Device Mobility Service Mobility Session Mobility Host Mobility (client –server, ip)

Issues in categories Software Issues - Apps Technical Issues - Battery, h/w Network Issues - connection User Interface Issues - understanding Security Issues - attacks

Future of Mobile Computing Use of Artificial Intelligence Integrated Circuitry -> Compact Size Increases in Computer Processor speeds etc….

Mobile Computing - Architecture

Mobile Computing - Architecture First Tier/Layer Mobile Computing - Architecture User Interface/Presentation Layer – deals with the user facing device handling & rendering. This tier includes a user interfacing components like Textbox, Labels, Checkboxes, etc. Second Tier/Layer Process Management/application Layer – deals with Business logic & Rules. It is capable of accommodating hundreds users. Thired Tier/Layer Database Management/Data Tier – deals with DB management & access.

The word wireless is dictionary defined “having no wires ” . INTRODUCTION WHAT IS WIRELESS ? The word wireless is dictionary defined “having no wires ” . In networking terminology , wireless is the term used to describe any computer network where there is no physical wired connection between sender and receiver, but rather the network is connected by radio waves and or microwaves to maintain communications. Wireless networking utilizes specific equipment such as NICs and Routers in place of wires (copper or optical fibre). 16 16

1G TECHNOLOGY 1G refers to the first generation of wireless telephone technology, mobile telecommunications which was first introduced in 1980s and completed in early 1990s. It's Speed was upto 2.4kbps. It allows the voice calls in 1 country. 1G network use Analog Signal. AMPS was first launched in USA in 1G mobile systems. 17 17

DRAWBACKS OF 1G Poor Voice Quality Poor Battery Life Large Phone Size No Security Limited Capacity Poor Handoff Reliability 1G Wireless System 18 18

2G TECHNOLOGY 2G technology refers to the 2nd generation which is based on GSM. It was launched in Finland in the year 1991. 2G network use digital signals. It’s data speed was upto 64kbps. Features Includes: It enables services such as text messages, picture messages and MMS (multi media message). It provides better quality and capacity . 19

DRAWBACKS OF 2G 2G requires strong digital signals to help mobile phones work. If there is no network coverage in any specific area , digital signals would weak. These systems are unable to handle complex data such as Videos. 2G Wireless System 20 20

WIRELESS MODELS OF 1G & 2G 1G WIRELESS SYSTEMS 2G WIRELESS SYSTEMS 21

2.5G TECHNOLOGY 2.5G is a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generation of mobile telephony. 2.5G is sometimes described as 2G Cellular Technology combined with GPRS. Features Includes: Phone Calls Send/Receive E-mail Messages Web Browsing Speed : 64-144 kbps Camera Phones Take a time of 6-9 mins. to download a 3 mins. Mp3 song 22

3G TECHNOLOGY 3G technology refer to third generation which was introduced in year 2000s. Data Transmission speed increased from 144kbps- 2Mbps. Typically called Smart Phones and features increased its bandwidth and data transfer rates to accommodate web-based applications and audio and video files. 23

FEATURES OF 3G TECHNOLOGY Providing Faster Communication Send/Receive Large Email Messages High Speed Web / More Security Video Conferencing / 3D Gaming TV Streaming/ Mobile TV/ Phone Calls Large Capacities and Broadband Capabilities 11 sec – 1.5 min. time to download a 3 min Mp3 song. 24

DRAWBACKS OF 3G TECHNOLOGY Expensive fees for 3G Licenses Services It was challenge to build the infrastructure for 3G High Bandwidth Requirement Expensive 3G Phones. Large Cell Phones 25

4G TECHNOLOGY (Anytime ,Anywhere) 26

4G TECHNOLOGY (Anytime ,Anywhere) 4G technology refer to or short name of fourth Generation which was started from late 2000s. Capable of providing 100Mbps – 1Gbps speed. One of the basic term used to describe 4G is MAGIC. MAGIC: Mobile Multimedia Anytime Anywhere Global Mobility Support Integrated Wireless Solution Customized Personal Services Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere. 27

4G (Anytime, Anywhere) The next generations of wireless technology that promises higher data rates and expanded multimedia services. Capable to provide speed 100Mbps-1Gbps. High QOS and High Security Provide any kind of service at any time as per user requirements, anywhere. Features Include: More Security High Speed High Capacity Low Cost Per-bit etc. 28

DRAWBACKS OF 4G Battery uses is more Hard to implement Need complicated hardware Expensive equipment required to implement next generation network. 29

COMPARISON BETWEEN 3G Vs 4G The basic difference between 3G and 4G is in data transfer and signal quality. Technology 3G 4G Data Transfer Rate 3.1 MB/sec 100 MB/sec Internet Services Broadband Ultra Broadband Mobile - TV Resolution Low High Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100MHz Frequency 1.6-2 GHz 2-8 GHz Download and upload 5.8 Mbps 14 Mbps 30

WIRLESS MODELS OF 3G & 4G 3G WIRELESS SYSTEM 4G WIRELESS SYSTEM 31 31

5G TECHNOLOGY 5G technology refer to short name of fifth Generation which was started from late 2010s. Complete wireless communication with almost no limitations. It is highly supportable to WWWW (Wireless World Wide Web). 32

BENEFITS OF 5G TECHNOLOGY High Speed, High Capacity 5G technology providing large broadcasting of data in Gbps . Multi - Media Newspapers, watch T.V programs with the clarity as to that of an HD Quality. Faster data transmission that of the previous generations. Large Phone Memory, Dialing Speed, clarity in Audio/Video. Support interactive multimedia , voice, streaming video, Internet and other 5G is More Effective and More Attractive. 33

COMPARISON BETWEEN 4G Vs 5G The following basic differences between 4G and 5G are: 34

EVOLUTION OF 1G TO 5G TECHNOLOGY 35

WIRELESS APPLICATIONS Wireless applications are those which we use free space as the transmission medium & do not involve cabling like fibre or copper cables. 36

WIRELESS SERVICES Wireless solution for: Business and Industry Schools , Colleges Doctors , Pilots Police and Vehicles etc. 37

SOC & AOC Clients Mobile users need solutions that can be used effectively at any time during their work day and used wherever their works takes them. Mobile technology can be implemented with Sometimes On Connectivity/SOC to mobile devices or Always On Connectivity/AOC. SOC and AOC terminology effectively describe to our clients the communications frequency and performance: capabilities of alternatives for mobile computing solutions. SOC clients can work effectively in a disconnected mode and take advantage of wireless or wired connections when they are available while AOC clients must be connected all or most of the time to be effective.

SOC Clients SOC clients have the ability to store large amounts of data on the mobile device and provide the user with a complete application solution even when the user does not have a wireless or wired data connection. Data updates can occur when wireless, Internet dialup, network or desktop synchronization connections are available. Regardless of connectivity, productive work can proceed. Data updates, when they do occur, can be fast bursts of small amounts of data rather than entire screen images that AOC clients employ. SOC client technology typically requires a Pocket PC or WinCE device in order to have sufficient processing power and data storage capability. AOC clients have small amounts of data or no data on board the device.

AOC Clients AOC clients require a wireless connection that is always on to be able to access data and the user interface, or screen image. AOC clients typically use a browser for application interactions. Internet-like HTML or WAP is employed by the browser to view web pages that are especially designed for the smaller screens of mobile devices. AOC clients require transmission of the data and screen image for each user action. Consequently, mobile workers need a wireless connection constantly available in order to effectively use AOC client mobile devices.