Ch 47 – The Body’s Defense Systems Vocabulary Review Ch 47 – The Body’s Defense Systems

A disease that is caused by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists Infectious Disease

The scientific study of disease Pathogen

A four-stage procedure that Robert Koch formulated for identifying a specific pathogen as the cause of a specific disease Koch’s postulates

The layer of epithelial tissue that covers internal surfaces of the body and that secretes mucus Mucous membrane

Inflammatory response A protective response of tissues affected by disease or injury, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain Inflammatory response

A chemical that stimulates the autonomous nervous system, secretion of gastric juices, and dilation of capillaries Histamine

A cell that ingests and destroys (digests) foreign matter or microorganisms Phagocyte

A large leukocyte that contains a lobed nucleus and many cytoplasmic granules Neutrophil

An immune system cell that engulfs pathogens and other materials Macrophage

A type of white blood cell that is present in individuals who have not been immunized and that kills a variety of cells Natural killer cell

A system of proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and that combine with antibodies to protect against antigens Complement system

A protein that is produced by cells infected by a virus and that can protect uninfected cells from reproduction of the virus Interferon

The cells and tissues that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body Immune system

A type of white blood cell that exists in two primary forms, T cells and B cells Lymphocyte

The gland that produces T lymphocytes Thymus

The largest lymphatic organ in the body; serves as a blood reservoir, disintegrates old red blood cells, and produces lymphocytes and plasmids Spleen

A white blood cell that matures in bones and makes antibodies B cell

A cell that derives from the thymus and that participates in many immune reactions mediated by cells T cell

A substance that stimulates an immune response Antigen

The reaction of the body against an antigen Immune response

A white blood cell necessary for B cells to develop normal levels of antibodies Helper T Cell

Cell-mediated immune response An immune response that functions to defend cells against invasion by foreign cells and that depends on the action of T cells Cell-mediated immune response

A type of T cell that recognizes and destroys infected cells and cancer cells Cytotoxic T cell

Humoral immune response A type of immune response that is produced by the action of antibodies within body fluids Humoral immune response

A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies Plasma cell

A protein that reacts to a specific antigen or that inactivates or destroys toxins Antibody

An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections Memory cell

The ability to resist an infectious disease Immunity

The administration of treated microorganisms or material from a pathogen into humans or animals to induce an immune response Vaccination

A physical response to an antigen, which can be a common substance that produces little or no response in the general population Allergy

A lung disorder characterized by labored breathing due to narrowing of the bronchioles; associated with shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing; and caused by a reaction to certain irritants Asthma

A disease in which the immune system attacks the organism’s own cells Autoimmune disease

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a disease caused by HIV; an infection that results in an ineffective immune system AIDS

Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS HIV

Opportunistic infection An infection caused by a mircoorganism that normally does not cause disease but that becomes pathogenic if the patient’s immune system is weakened Opportunistic infection