Case Investigations in Human Biology and Global Health Marion Field Fass Ethel D. Stanley Julie A. Seiter Margaret A. Waterman

Pedagogy Cyberlearning Cyberlearning Data setsData sets MappingMapping GraphingGraphing VideosVideos Models/simulationsModels/simulations Civic Engagement Civic Engagement Integrative Thinking Integrative Thinking

Introduction Health and human rights- Clean water, good food and an educated mother public health; public health; agent host and environment, agent host and environment, thinking at the population level thinking at the population level

Mothers and babies Challenge of human birth: maternal mortality, infant mortality, complications of birthing Challenge of human birth: maternal mortality, infant mortality, complications of birthing Graphing, modeling Graphing, modeling Women’s rights play in the access to care Women’s rights play in the access to care Child health is related to a healthy mom, clean water, safe food, feeding practices. Child health is related to a healthy mom, clean water, safe food, feeding practices.

Food Double burden of malnutrition, undernutrition and obesity Double burden of malnutrition, undernutrition and obesity Vitamins and minerals, proteins, fats Vitamins and minerals, proteins, fats impact of child nutritional status, dietary choices constrained by poverty, mapping, visual learning- impact of child nutritional status, dietary choices constrained by poverty, mapping, visual learning- The Associated Press Fri., June 19, 2009

Mosquito diseases Blood and its functions, anemia, Blood and its functions, anemia, parasitic disease vs viral disease parasitic disease vs viral disease Oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor Oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor concept of vector concept of vector Humans in environment, Humans in environment, genetic changes in vector, pathogen that enable pathogen to reach new “virgin” audiences- genetic changes in vector, pathogen that enable pathogen to reach new “virgin” audiences- Epidemiology, impact of climate change Epidemiology, impact of climate change

HIV HIV HIV, HIV, immune system, immune system, Biological challenge of Prevention, Biological challenge of Prevention, biology of treatment biology of treatment Identifying factors that create conditions for spread- with HIV these are strikingly social- Identifying factors that create conditions for spread- with HIV these are strikingly social- Epidemiology, global and US, Epidemiology, global and US, new strategies for prevention new strategies for prevention

Tuberculosis TB, TB, lung anatomy and phys, lung anatomy and phys, concepts of infectious disease, concepts of infectious disease, drugs and drug action, drugs and drug action, begin resistance begin resistance Interaction of environment, evolution of pathogen, Interaction of environment, evolution of pathogen, problems of non- compliance with drugs, problems of non- compliance with drugs, DOTS (directly observed therapy), DOTS (directly observed therapy), need for new tests need for new tests

MRSA and the Rise of Antibiotic Resistance MRSA MRSA Bacterial mutation, conjugation Bacterial mutation, conjugation Food supply, Food supply, Hospitals Hospitals Humans in larger environments Humans in larger environments Spread of MRSA from hospital to environment now to food sources- Spread of MRSA from hospital to environment now to food sources- Interaction of environment, Interaction of environment, evolution of pathogen, evolution of pathogen, problems of non- compliance with drugs, problems of non- compliance with drugs, antibiotic misuse antibiotic misuse

Disease control and eradication Immunizations- measles, mumps, rubella, but what about HPV? Immunizations- measles, mumps, rubella, but what about HPV? What is global picture? What is global picture? Disease erad- must do smallpox, maybe polio- maybe eradicatable pathogens- Disease erad- must do smallpox, maybe polio- maybe eradicatable pathogens- The public health part is strategies for disease control- vaccination vs treatment; The public health part is strategies for disease control- vaccination vs treatment; environmental strategies, environmental strategies, reduction of pool of susceptibles (herd immunity) and reduction of pool of susceptibles (herd immunity) and then loss of fear in populations then loss of fear in populations

Influenza Mutating virus- Mutating virus- its not just the developing world its not just the developing world Epi, Epi, history, history, mechanisms of control of diseases in populations, mechanisms of control of diseases in populations, mapping and surveillance mapping and surveillance

Heart disease Heart physiology, Heart physiology, back to genetics, back to genetics, treatments, treatments, scope of the problem scope of the problem Oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor Oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor Major causes of death in developed world Major causes of death in developed world How / when do developing countries catch up? How / when do developing countries catch up?

Diabetes Endocrine system Endocrine system Mechanisms of insulin action, resistance to insulin Mechanisms of insulin action, resistance to insulin Lots of epidemiology, Lots of epidemiology, changes in food and diabetes, changes in food and diabetes, long term impact of diseases and long term impact of diseases and burden of Years of Productive Live Lost (YPLL) and DALYs (Disability Associated Life Years) burden of Years of Productive Live Lost (YPLL) and DALYs (Disability Associated Life Years)

Tobacco CANCER (all cancer is genetic although not all cancer is inherited), CANCER (all cancer is genetic although not all cancer is inherited), heart disease, heart disease, Lung diseases (COPD) Lung diseases (COPD) Interaction of smoking and environment and second hand smoke Interaction of smoking and environment and second hand smoke just when we thought everything was OK the industry guys promoted tobacco use just when we thought everything was OK the industry guys promoted tobacco use Long term impacts of health habits, Long term impacts of health habits, life table analysis, life table analysis, comparisons globally, comparisons globally, role of WHO in this work, role of WHO in this work, industry vs advocates. industry vs advocates. WHO Convention on Tobacco, international collaboration. WHO Convention on Tobacco, international collaboration. bill gates and michael bloomberg think its important bill gates and michael bloomberg think its important

Beijing Blue Human biology, global health and environmental change- Human biology, global health and environmental change- the impact of the environment on human physiology and health the impact of the environment on human physiology and health Measuring on particulates Measuring on particulates it follows from host – agent- environment it follows from host – agent- environment Population thinking Population thinking International efforts to mitigate air pollution International efforts to mitigate air pollution