Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. written by Bridget Melton, Georgia Southern University Lecture Outline Chapter 13 Tobacco and Caffeine: Daily Pleasures, Daily Challenges

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Objectives Discuss the social and political issues involved in tobacco use. Discuss the health risks of smoking, smokeless tobacco, and environmental tobacco smoke, and describe how the chemicals in tobacco products affect the body. Describe strategies people adopt to quit using tobacco products, including strategies aimed at breaking the nicotine addiction and smoking habit. Summarize the benefits, risks, and potential health consequences associated with caffeine use.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Our Smoking Society Nearly 438,000 Americans die annually from tobacco-related diseases. One in five deaths is related to smoking. Currently, 23 percent of teenagers smoke. More than 3,000 teens younger than 18 become smokers each day. Each day, 6,000 teens smoke their first cigarette.

Annual Deaths Attributable to Smoking in the United States Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Tobacco and Social Issues Advertising An estimated $18 million is spent every day by the tobacco industry to find new smokers. Targets specific groups: women and children Financial costs to society Tobacco use costs productivity and lives.

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College Students and Smoking Smoking among college students decreased 30 percent in percent in percent were dependant smokers in 2007 Equal numbers of men and women smoke. Reasons for smoking Stress reduction Social pressure Addicted Weight control

Trends in Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in the Past Month among College Students Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Reasons Why College Students Smoke Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Tobacco and Its Effects Nicotine is a chemical stimulant. Smoke contains 4,700 chemical substances. Tar is condensed particulate matter from smoke that accumulates in the lungs. Phenols are chemical irritants in smoke that may combine with other chemicals to contribute to the development of lung cancer. The cleansing function of cilia is impaired by nicotine. Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke is at 800 times the level considered safe by the U.S. E.P.A.

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Tobacco Products Filtered cigarettes Clove cigarettes are 40 percent ground cloves, 60 percent tobacco. Cigars contain 23 poisons, 43 carcinogens. Bidis are small hand-rolled, flavored cigarettes that produce three times more CO and nicotine and five times more tar than cigarettes. Smokeless tobacco Chewing tobacco Dipping tobacco Snuff

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Health Hazards of Smoking Cancer Cardiovascular disease Platelet adhesiveness Stroke Respiratory disorders Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Sexual dysfunction Gum disease

Effects of Smoking on the Body and Health Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Tobacco-Related Cancers Lung cancer is directly linked to cigarette smoking Leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States May take 10 to 30 years to develop Leukoplakia is a condition characterized by white patches inside the mouth from chewing tobacco. Tobacco is linked to other cancers. Pancreatic Kidney Bladder Layrnx

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leukoplakia

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Cancer Survivor

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ABC News Video: Smash the Ash! Discussion Questions 1.What are the biggest deterrents to smoking? 2.Do antismoking ads reinforce smoking habits? 3.Is seeing the different lungs (a healthy lung, a smoker’s long, and a lung with cancer) effective? 4.Why do people quit smoking? Is there any way you can help a friend or family member quit? | Smash the Ash!

How Cigarette Smoking Damages the Lungs Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Tobacco-Related Cardiovascular Disease Coronary heart disease is the most widespread single cause of death for smokers. Adds the equivalent of 10 years of aging to the arteries Platelet adhesiveness associated with blood clots Other cardiovascular diseases linked to smoking include stroke, aortic aneurysm, and pulmonary heart disease.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Tobacco-Related Respiratory Disorders Chronic obstructive lung disease, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Emphysema and chronic bronchitis Fourth-leading cause of death in the United States Emphysema is a disease that impairs the lungs’ ability to obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. Chronic bronchitis, or “smoker’s hack”

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Physiological Effects of Nicotine Nicotine is a powerful central nervous system stimulant. Nicotine increases heart and respiratory rates, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure. Nicotine decreases blood sugar levels and the stomach constrictions that signal hunger. Nicotine poisoning symptoms Dizziness Lightheadedness Rapid and erratic pulse Nausea

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Environmental Tobacco Smoke Mainstream smoke is that which is drawn through tobacco while inhaling. Sidestream, or second-hand, smoke is that which is from the burning end of a cigarette or exhaled by a smoker. Involuntary or passive smokers breathe smoke from someone else’s smoking product. Nine out of ten nonsmoking Americans are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Risks from Environmental Tobacco Smoke Sidestream smoke contains more carcinogenic substances. Contains 2 times more tar and nicotine, 5 times more carbon monoxide, 50 times more ammonia ETS is responsible for 3,000 lung cancer deaths, 46,000 coronary and heart deaths, and 430 deaths in newborns (SIDS).

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Risks from Environmental Tobacco Smoke (cont.) Infants and children exposed to ETS are more likely to develop bronchitis, pneumonia, and respiratory infections. develop complications from asthma. have impaired cognitive abilities. become smokers during adolescence.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ABC News Video: Second-Hand Smoke Discussion Questions 1.According to a 2006 Surgeon General’s report, are there any acceptable exposure levels of second-hand smoke? Do you agree with the report? 2.Does your state have antismoking laws in place? Do you think there should be such laws, or are they unfair to people who wish to smoke? 3.Are you exposed to second-hand smoke in your daily life? What can you do to limit your exposure? | Second-Hand Smoke

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Tobacco and Politics It’s been 40 years since the government began warning that tobacco use was hazardous to one’s health. Master’s settlement agreement of 1998 Tobacco industry to pay states $206 billion over 25 years Variety of measures to support antismoking education and advertising

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Quitting Breaking the nicotine addiction Withdrawal Nicotine replacement products Nicotine gum Nicotine patch Nasal spray Nicotine inhaler Buproprion (Zyban)

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When Smokers Quit Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Benefits of Quitting Benefits of quitting smoking include improved appetite and sharpened senses of taste and smell. improved circulation, lowered heart rate and blood pressure, and increased pulmonary and cardiac efficiency. increased energy and alertness, reduced need for sleep, and fewer headaches. reduced risk of oral, lung, and other cancers and of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Caffeine Drug derived from the chemical family of xanthines Xanthines are mild central nervous system stimulants. Side effects include wakefulness, insomnia, irregular heartbeat, dizziness, nausea, indigestion, and mild delirium.

How Caffeine Works Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Caffeine Addiction Caffeinism is the syndrome of “coffee nerves” resulting from the habitual use of caffeine products to avoid feeling mentally or physically depressed, exhausted, and weak. Because caffeine meets the requirements for addiction—tolerance, psychological dependency, and withdrawal symptoms—it can be classified as addictive.

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The Possible Health Consequences of Long-Term Caffeine Use Caffeine is linked to health problems ranging from hearth disease and cancer to mental dysfunction and birth defects. irritating to the stomach lining. harmful to people with ulcers. not advisable for those with mammillary cysts. not advisable for pregnant women.