Unit Six Building an Empire

Chapter 19 Foreign Policy: Setting a Course for Expansion

Foreign Policy Foreign Policy Diplomacy Commodore Perry Set of guidelines and practices that a nation follows in its relations with other nations Diplomacy Art of conducting negotiations with other nations Commodore Perry Japan

Washington’s Farewell Address Neutrality The policy of not taking sides in wars between other nations Unilateralism A policy of not seeking military or political alliances with foreign powers

Realism vs. Idealism Realism Idealism International relations should be guided by pragmatic self- interest –practical goals such as national defense and access resources Idealism The belief that moral values should influence relations Staying home sick? Idealist or Realist

Idealistic or Realistic? Cold War National Parks Revolutionary War War in Iraq Favors?

War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent Peace between U.S. and U.K. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7Hh8W69cos&feature=related Treaty of Ghent Peace between U.S. and U.K. “Not one inch of territory ceded or lost”

Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine Non-Colonization Non-Interference Declaration warning European powers against future colonization in the Western Hemisphere or interference in Latin American republics. Non-Colonization Non-Interference

Expansion through Diplomacy

Texas Revolution Texas owned by Mexico Abolished Slavery Americans moved in Abolished Slavery Upset Americans in Mexico Texas Revolution Alamo

Mexican-American War James K. Polk Provokes a War Treaty of Guadalupe Disagreed with Mexico on Texas border Provokes a War Sends troops to the Rio Grande Mexican-American War Treaty of Guadalupe U.S. received = Texas border, Texas west to California Mexico received = $15 Million

Treaty of Guadalupe

Beginnings of Imperialism Empire building Protectorate Nation protected and controlled by a stronger nation Realist or Idealist?

Proof is in the Pudding

How Should We Expand? Henry Cabot Lodge Carl Schurz Josiah Strong Alfred T. Mahan

Chapter 20 The Spanish-American War

Hearst vs. Pulitzer New York Journal New York World Yellow Journalism Exaggerated style of reporting with sensational news stories Mass Media Methods of communicating to a mass audience.

Yellow Journalism http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0mjkLPvrQM

Cuban Struggles Want Independence from Spain Idealism Realism Americans empathize with Cubans Realism Americans want to protect business interests

Mass Media Hysteria! Cuban Struggle de Lome Letter USS Maine Hearst and Pulitzer exaggerated Spanish rule de Lome Letter Spanish ambassador has letter stolen Letter criticizes President McKinley Letter published in the New York Journal USS Maine U.S. ship explodes in Havana harbor Hearst and Pulitzer blame the Spanish

Spanish – American War, 1898 Investigation on USS Maine 1898, Mine responsible 1976, accidental explosion US declares war on Spain Media to blame?

Spanish – American War, 1898 Did we need to go to war? de Lome Letter USS Maine explosion

Spanish – American War, 1898 Philippines Cuba American soldiers and Filipino rebels Joined forces, defeat Spanish in Philippines Cuba Rough Riders U.S. Volunteer Cavalry handpicked by Theodore Roosevelt San Juan Hill

The Teller Amendment Resolution Cuba A formal statement about a course of action Cuba Promised to help overthrow Spanish rile Military force and aid Promised to liberate Cuba after war After the war . . . . . . . They found out we were just kidding about that last part.

Treaty of Paris Cuba granted Independence Puerto Rico and Guam ceded to U.S. Philippines cede to U.S. for $20 Million U.S. is now a colonial empire

Should we accept the Treaty? Anti-Imperialist League Organization against the establishment of U.S. colonies Mark Twain Supporters Theodore Roosevelt and William McKinley

Platt Amendment Allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs Allowed U.S. to buy and lease land for naval bases U.S. business interests owned 60% of the Cuban economy

Chapter 21 Acquiring and Managing Global Power

Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy Big Stick Policy Roosevelt Corollary Did it work?

Taft’s Foreign Policy Dollar Diplomacy Did it work?

Wilson’s Foreign Policy Moral Diplomacy Self-determination Did it work?

Panama Canal U.S. helps Panama overthrow Colombian Rule Panama Canal Improved international trade

Panama Canal Locks Gates that raise and lower water levels, allowing ships to travel the canal

U.S. and Mexico American Businessmen Francisco Madero Tried to overthrow government Killed by his general Victoriano Huerta American Businessmen Wanted Wilson to recognize Huerta government Wilson refused to recognize a “government of butchers” Idealist or Realist

U.S. and Mexico Wilson and Huerta Almost go to war Outcry Wilson sent troops to Veracruz Aid revolution against Huerta Outcry Mexican and Americans

Puerto Rico Civilian government Military government infrastructure Puerto Ricans became frustrated with U.S. Jones Act, 1917 Puerto Rico becomes a U.S. territory Idealist or Realist

Philippines Philippines wants independence Emilio Aguinaldo Leader of Filipino resistance Philippines wants independence U.S. denied them freedom Try to start own government U.S. doesn’t recognize it Aguinaldo Rebels War breaks out 200,000 Filipinos die US rebuild Philippines

Hawaii Queen Liliuokalani 1893, U.S. forces overthrow Liliuokalani American controlled Economy Sugarcane and Pineapple Queen Liliuokalani 1891, new constitution White planters weren’t happy 1893, U.S. forces overthrow Liliuokalani Debate raged in the U.S.

Made in China Spheres of Influence Areas where a single nation controlled trading rights

Open Door Policy, 1899 All foreign nations are allowed to trade freely with China

The Boxer Rebellion Group of Chinese who wanted to remove foreign influence from China They led an insurrection Rebellion Crushed by foreign powers