Dispatch Week 31 Class 1 Welcome back! There are 32 days left of school. Yikes. 1.What is the most important function of our skin? 2.How is a fever helpful to us when we’re sick? 3.The bacteria below enters your body and your immune system makes antibodies for it. Draw what these antibodies look like. 4.What is a vaccine? 5.How does a vaccine keep us from getting sick?

How does all the IMMUNE SYSTEM relate to FOOD PRODUCTION? Mastitis An infection of the udder resulting in pus and blood in the milk Antibiotics Anti= against, bio = life Chemicals that kills bacteria Antibiotic Resistance living conditions Cramped Unsanitary Corn-fed E. coli E.coli populations increase

The Endocrine System

Imagine you are sending a message to someone else (ex. Text, , letter, etc.). Three parts involved to sending a message: 1. Sender 2. Receiver 3. Message Function: sends messages to different parts of the body through the bloodstream. Hormone: “The message” Chemical that acts as a message that affects other parts of the body.

Glands: “The sender” Where hormones are made. Each hormone is made by a specific gland. Target cell: “The receiver” Part of the body that is affected by the hormone Each hormone has its target cells. Endocrine System Overview

Some Important Hormones Adrenaline: Made in : the adrenal glands Target: brain, muscles, heart, lungs Effect: Alertness, “fight or flight”, fear, excitement Video 1 Video 2

Thyroxine: Made in: the thyroid gland Target: heart, brain, all cells Effect: Increases metabolism and growth

Gonadotrophins: Made in: pituitary gland (brain) Target: ovaries (female) and testes (male) Effect: puberty, sperm and egg production ovaries  produce estrogen testes  produce testosterone

Estrogen: Made in: Ovaries Target: brain, bones, fat, hair, sexual organs Effect: female sexual development

Testosterone: Made in: Testes Target: brain, muscles, hair, larynx, sexual organs Effect: male sexual development

Growth hormone: Made in: pituitary gland Target: fat cells and liver Effect: directly and indirectly stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and other animals

Insulin: Made in: Pancreas Target: Cells in liver, fat, and muscle Effect: Take in glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen

Pituitary Gland Gonadotrophins Estrogen Testosterone Body cells TestesOvaries

How does all the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM relate to FOOD PRODUCTION? rBGH/rBST Milk production IGF-1 Cancer Birth defects Mastitis Infection

Dispatch Week 31 Class 2 1.How do hormones travel through the body? 2.Why does it appear that girls mature faster than boys? 3.Name 3 physical or mental changes caused by testosterone. 4.Name 3 physical or mental changes caused by estrogen. 5.Puberty always begins with the production of the hormone called ___________________________ in the brain. 6.Explain how antibiotic resistance may result from the overuse of antibiotics.

The Reproductive System

Let’s review a few terms. Diploid: Having 2 copies of each chromosome (symbol is 2n) Haploid: Having one copy of each chromosome (symbol is n) Gamete: a reproductive cell (Egg and sperm) Meiosis: process where 1 cell divides into 4 gametes

Male Reproductive System The function of the Male Reproductive System is to produce and deliver haploid sperm.

Main Parts: StructureFunction Testes Epididymis Vas deferens Urethra Penis Produces haploid sperm Stores mature sperm Tube that takes sperm to the urethra Tube that carries semen and urine Carries semen and urine out of the body Where meiosis happens

Female Reproductive System The functions of the Female Reproductive System are: 1.Produce a haploid egg 2.Support the developing baby

Main Parts: StructureFunction Ovary Fallopian tube Uterus Vagina Produces haploid egg Carries eggs to the uterus Canal that leads to the outside of the body Organ that carries the egg and developing baby Cervix Passage between uterus and vagina Where meiosis happens Where fertilization usually happens