Nanosilver Silver Bullet to Cure HIV The Dragoons Eaton Fong Kushal Agarwal Mahon Khoshzaban Prachet Bhatt Preksha Naik Team 3213

HIV Virus identified about 25 years ago Originated from infected chimpanzees HIV causes AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV destroys healthy T-cells High genetic variability causes fast replication cycles Immune system fails, leads to life-threatening infections ~25 million people have died of HIV/AIDS ~40 million people are living with HIV http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV#Origin_and_discovery Team 3213

HIV and its Attack on T-Cells Virus attaches to healthy T-cell Structure of HIV Virus injects its core gp120 tentacles attach to T-cells and destroy it www.sfaf.org/aids101/virolo5fin.gif Team 3213

Structure of HIV gp120 tentacles attach to T-cells and destroy it www.sfaf.org/aids101/virolo5fin.gif Team 3213

HIV’s Attack on T-Cells 1 2 3 Virus attaches to healthy T-cell Virus injects its core (RNA and reverse transcriptase) Virus uses T-cell for replication Blocked With Nanosilver Nanosilver attaches to gp120 and blocks virus from attacking T-cell Team 3213

HIV’s Attack on T-Cells 1 2 HIV T-cell Virus attaches to healthy T-cell 3 HIV T-cell Virus injects its core (RNA and reverse transcriptase) HIV T-cell Virus uses T-cell for replication Team 3213

Silver Nano-particle Blocks the HIV Attack on T-Cell Nanosilver attaches to the gp120 and blocks virus from attacking the T-cell Ag Attack blocked gp120 Ag gp120 HIV T-cell Team 3213

Properties of Nanosilver Antibiotic and antibacterial properties Destroys the enzyme needed for metabolism Effective against virus, bacteria and fungi Better than other antibiotics since the microbes do not develop resistance Team 3213

Nanosilver and HIV Nanosilver can kill the HIV Shown by Prof. Yacaman of the University of Texas They incubated HIV-1 virus with nanosilver at 37oC and after 3 hours, all the HIV cells died How does the nanosilver kill the HIV The nano silver particles bond through the gp120 glycoprotein knobs on HIV-1 by reacting with the sulfur residues on the walls The particle size of the nanosilver has to match the ~10 nm size of the gp120 glyco-protein knobs of HIV http://www.futurehi.net/archives/000751.html Team 3213

Nanosilver Manufacturing Current Methods & Limitations Several methods described in scientific literature Locally heating dilute silver nitrate using laser to create a localized reaction Heating a dilute solution of silver chloride with glucose as the reducing agent Mixing silver nanoparticles with capping agents like foamy carbon Limitations of current methods to manufacture High cost Lab-scale only, not large scale manufacturing Use of toxic or poisonous chemistry Uncontrolled or large particle size http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/3/1/8 Team 3213

The Problem What Create uniform ~10 nm sized silver nano-particles using a controlled, low-cost and scalable method Why ~10 nm silver particles have been proven to destroy the HIV-1 by binding to the sulfur residues on the gp120 glyco-protein knobs on the HIV Team 3213

The Solution A novel solution Utilizes well known science and existing technologies Inkjet technology to generate liquid droplets of dilute silver chloride Low-cost, controlled and scalable Heated glucose for the reducing reaction to create ~10 nm silver nano-particles Team 3213

Our Method CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CHO+2AgCl+H2O  CH2OH-(CHOH)4-COOH+2HCl (gas)+2Ag 1. Moving substrate coated with glucose to form and collect nanosilver 5. Brush and collect the nanosilver off the substrate 4. Nanosilver formed by the many localized reducing reactions between silver chloride droplets and heated glucose 2. Controlled 1ng droplet spray of dilute 1 ppm silver chloride using an inkjet device 3. ~200C heat to cause the reducing reaction to form silver from silver chloride Team 3213