Human Evolution II Session Life A multidisciplinary anthropic focus

LIFE The origin of life is scientifically explained as an evolutionary process of development from matter. Inside life-friendly (anthropic) conditions, Matter-Universe builds the ontological basis for life. 2

LIFE 3 Life represents the first emergence of anthropic properties from Matter-Universe.

What is life itself? What is the real ontology of life? How does life emerge, self-organize, evolve and maintain itself? Which ontological and functional causes have made life happen and develop in the course of time? If Matter-Universe contains the distal anthropic properties, what are the proximal anthropic properties of life? 4

What is life phenomenologically?  External experience of physical, biological, psychical properties of living entities.  Internal, subjective and objective, experience of our own living entity, ontologically projected to other living beings. Science tries to explain empirical facts. 5

Phenomena to be explained Science is explanation (explicans) of phenomena (explicandum) that among them in biology are:  high order complexity (adaptation, growing, capacity, replication, reproduction…).  unitary system of sensibility-consciousness.  holistic response to environment and the control by a psychic subject. These properties evolve progressively in time. 6

Sufficiency of biological theories Science expects that Matter and Universe have sufficient anthropic properties to explain the evolutive emergence of life. 7

Are biological theories sufficient? Science postulates the ontological unity of the universe. But biological theory is a mental representation constructed by the human mind. Are biological theories able to explain life? 8

Are biological theories sufficient? Matter-Universe’s ontology cannot give account of the real properties of life. Need to postulate another ontological principle of living reality to explain life. Yet, the generalized expectation of Science is monistic: Dualism would be scientifically viable, only if the no viability of life was proved. 9

Evolutive origin For thousands of millions of years there was only physical causality. Then, life began by physical interaction:  Prebiotical and primordial organic substances, amino acids and DNA chains, produced the first cell.  Reduplication capacity gave way to heritage and to the evolutionary dynamics of life. 10

Evolutive origin 11

Evolutive origin A long reduplicative process lead to two surprising results:  Appearance of a new interactive hypercomplexity in the frame of bio- physic causality.  Emergence of the sensibility- consciousness from the interior of the bio-physical systems. 12

Fermionic interaction Living organisms are hypercomplex systems in fermionic interaction. Matter properties producing physical objects (atoms, rocks, celestial bodies …) also produce living entities. Living matter, organized in consistent structures, develops different and independent entities, according to the four fundamental forces: gravitation, electromagnetism, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction. 13

Fermionic interaction 14

Systems of causal interaction act in living organisms:  Keeping a dynamic consistency in the organisms.  Securing the heritage within a chaotic, random-probabilistic frame. 15 Living interaction

Hypercomplexity of life Hyper-complexity has been caused in accordance with the dynamic and evolutive possibilities of matter. Proof of this assumption is:  Auto-organizational  Selective Darwinism  Mutations  Interactions among populations 16

Although evolution is an open theory, a general assumption is that: hypercomplexity comes from the anthropic qualities of Matter-Universe. 17 Hypercomplexity of life

Sensibility and consciousness  Primitive forms of life show ‘sensibility’.  Humans and superior animals have ‘consciousness’. Humans expand their own phenomenological subjective experience to the animal world. 18

Sensibility and consciousness What ‘physical support’ makes ‘sensibility-consciousness’ intelligible? 19

Physical support Science does not dispose of other matter’s properties than:  Fermionic matter: Explains the presence of differentiated body in space-time and evolutive hypercomplexity.  Bosonic matter: Could this be the ‘physical support’ of sensation? 20

Phenomenological quality The phenomenological quality contains:  Unity of consciousness  Holistic experience  Oscillating indetermination Quantum properties related to these are:  Quantum coherence  Action at a distance (EPR effects)  Quantum superposition 21

Quantum neurology 22 Does quantum neurology offer the right ‘physical support’ to ‘sensation’?

Quantum neurology Quantum consciousness theories do respond affirmatively. They do not explain why matter does have the ontological property of producing ‘sensation’. They are considered as the most appropriate ‘physical support’ to psychic properties. 23

LIFE THEORIES Are there any theoretical alternatives? 24

Reductionism Classical reductionism takes into account a part of the anthropic properties of Matter-Universe:  differentiated fermionic matter.  deterministic causation between differentiated entities. Classical reductionism has brought dualism as an alternative to explain life. 25

Balanced theory A balanced theory would offer a causal description of life in accordance to anthropic properties of matter:  Balance between classical and quantum mechanics.  Balance between fermionic and bosonic matter.  Balance between differentiated and field states of matter. 26

Balanced theory A balanced theory would include:  A classical theory to explain individual differentiation and body’s dynamic stability.  A quantum theory to explain the coordinated emergence of quantum niches as ‘bio-physical support’ for sensation. 27

Balanced theory The evolving emergence of a ‘psychic subject’, by coordinated classical and quantum organization, would open the possible existence of a living subject who senses itself and also perceives external fields and objects of matter- universe. 28

Complementary theories These theories can be complemented by:  Complexity and matter’s self organization theories  Darwinist theories  Emergentism  Systems theory  Cybernetics and dynamic self-control theories 29

Complementary theories Biological evolution is a negentropic process increasing in order and complexity:  For reductionist theory it is a mechanic and robotic order.  For a balanced theory it is a balanced and coordinated order between classical and quantum process. 30

Anthropic principle By emergence of life as a fact we can establish that anthropic properties are real:  The stable hypercomplexity of living organisms by classical understanding.  The constitution of ‘sensibility’ by quantum understanding.  The constitution of self-control entities by the cybernetic emergence of a ‘psychic subject’. 31

Anthropic principle Matter-Universe evolving into a living world is the proximal cause of the new anthropic emergence of the human mind. 32