Network Design (Practical design of a network for Dowling College) by Georgi Todorov Dowling College Oakdale, NY, by Georgi Todorov Dowling College Oakdale, NY, POCS Seminar Series 2006 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

Outline What is a network? How do we design one? What are the requirements? What information do we need and how do we get it? What are the optimal solutions that will meet the requirements? Structured Cabling Standards Safety Tools Installation Process Proposed Solution Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

What is a network? “A computer network is a system for communication between computers.” - Wikipedia[1] Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

How do we design a network? Requirements Collect information Current technologies and how can they help us meet the requirements Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

DC Services: WWW - Web site of the college Mail - (webmail, pop3, smtp, imap4) DNS - (address resolution and propagation) Internet connection Intranet Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

DC(2) Security: Admin Network Students Network Faculty Network Dorms Network Wireless Network Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Information Cabling: Building blueprints - drawings that provide distance information, service outlet location Floor plans Site plans for overview of the project T-drawings - telephone placement E-drawings - electrical reference A-drawings - discover architectural features and available pathways Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Information(2) Other: Number of faculty offices Number of classrooms Number of staff offices Computer labs location and number of computers Other information Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

DC Information Racanelli: 37 rooms used for classes 1st floor: 4 labs, library, Student Services(11 hosts), Cafeteria 2nd floor: Int. Student Office(4 rooms), 15 rooms, library (10 hosts) 3rd floor: 32 rooms 4th floor: 24 rooms, Science? Office (4 rooms) Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

DC Information(2) Kramar Science Center: 13 rooms in KSC used for classes 0th floor:12 rooms 1st floor: 22 rooms 2nd floor: 6 biology labs 3rd floor: 10 offices Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

DC Information(3) Fortunoff Hall: No rooms for classes 0th floor: 24 rooms 1st floor: 10 rooms 2nd floor: 30 rooms 3rd floor: 10 rooms Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

DC Information(4) Student Dorms: No rooms for classes 1st floor: 2 x 12 rooms = 24 rooms 2nd floor: 2 x 12 rooms = 24 rooms 3rd floor: 2 x 14 rooms = 28 rooms Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

DC Information(5) Other buildings: Security Building Performing Arts Center Curtin Student Center EDN EDS Brookhaven Campus Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Technologies & Standards Why follow standards? They are not vendor specific They are widely used They are officially specified They work Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) TIA/EIA-568-B.1 -> Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard - General Requirements TIA/EIA-568-B.2 -> Balanced Twisted Pair Cabling Components Only 100-ohm Category 3, 5e, and 6 cables are recognized Category 5e or greater is now the recommended cable for 100-ohm twisted pair When terminating Category 5e and higher cables, the pairs should not be untwisted more than 13 mm (0.5 inch) from the point of termination TIA/EIA-568-B.3 -> Optical fiber Cabling Components TIA/EIA-568-B -> Cabling Standards TIA/EIA-569-A -> Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces TIA/EIA-570-A -> Residential and Light Commercial Telecommunications Wiring Standard TIA/EIA-606 -> Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings TIA/EIA-607 -> Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Cat 5e vs Cat 6 and up Main difference is in the spacing between the pairs inside the cable. Cat 6 and 7 are fully shielded. Each pair has a foil wrap and a braided sheath surrounds the four foil-wrapped pairs. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Safety Many many standards! Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Material safety data sheet (MSDS) Underwriters Laboratories (UL) National Electrical Code (NEC) TIA/EIA-607-A Important: Grounding - TIA/EIA-607-A No loose or baggy clothes Sturdy, fully enclosed shoes Safety glasses Even hard hats Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Tools Patch tool -> patching Cable tester -> testing the signal/cable (multi-pair) impact tool -> patching Cable stripping tool Electrician scissors Cable knife Stud sensor -> checking the walls Measuring wheel Fish tape -> retrieval of wires inside walls Cable tree -> supports cable reels Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Glossary MDF -> Main Distribution Facility - Usually a room that concentrates all cable runs in a building, stores servers routers etc. (Vertical Cabling) IDF -> Intermediate Distribution Facility -> a room or a closet that concentrates cable runs from a single floor can have switches and/or routers.(Horizontal Cabling) Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Cabling Install all cables in the ceilings, walls, floor, ducts and risers and label them on both sides Terminate cables and install patch- panels Test the cables, troubleshoot and certificate Testing -> is there a signal Certification -> how well the signal is carried from one end to the other by the wire Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

But what cables to use? Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Design(1) Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov Oakdale Campus: 4 buildings: Racanelli, Fortunoff, Kramar, Dorms. RC, FH, KSC -> 4 floors each; Dorms -> 3 floors. Good design: 1 MDF in each building 1 IDF on every floor

Design(2) Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov Consider: Fortunoff and Kramar = 1 building? => 1 MDF for Fortunoff/Kramar Is an the Dorms a good idea? Security Administration Kramar: 2nd floor only 6 rooms and 3rd floor about 10 rooms -> 1 IDF for both floors?

Dowling College Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Design(3) Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov Let’s start drawing!

Dowling College Backbone Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Racanelli Floor 1 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Racanelli Floor 2 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Racanelli Floor 3 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Racanelli Floor 4 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Fortunoff Floor 0 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Fortunoff Floor 1 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Fortunoff Floor 2 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Fortunoff Floor 3 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Kramar Floor 0 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Kramar Floor 1 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Kramar Floors 2 & 3 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Dorms Floor 1 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Dorms Floor 2 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Dorms Floor 3 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Oakdale Campus Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Oakdale Campus(2) Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov 1,2 or 3 GBit Fiber between MDF1 and MDF2(depending on budget) 1GBit fiber or cat6 between IDF and Servers and IDF and MDF (depending on budget) 100mbit cat5e or cat6 between IDF and nodes

Totals Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov Approx 800 nodes(PCs, Printers, Servers, Switches, etc.) Average cable run 70m (230 ft) Approx 5600m cable (18380ft) Approx number of 24 port switches: 70

But what cables to use? Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Oakdale Campus Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Technologies 100BASE-TX -> cat 5 upto 100m (328 feet) (RJ45) 1000BASE-T -> cat 5e upto 100m (328 feet) (RJ45) 1000BASE-SX -> micro multimode fiber upto 275m (853 feet) for 62.5 microfiber and 550m ( feet) for 50 micro fiber Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Prices cat 5e Approx. 20c/m (6c/ft) ($100-$200 per run) cat 6 Approx. 55c/m (17c/ft) multimode fiber Approx. $1.5/m (46c/ft) 1GBitE fiber module for CISCO switch- > $30-$40 Cisco switch -> ???? ($N00-$N000) Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Limits TIA/EIA-569-A standard -> Demarcation point (where the internet comes to the customer), Equipment rooms etc: - A distribution rack must have a minimum of 1 meter (3 feet) of workspace clearance in the front and rear of the rack. - A full equipment cabinet requires at least 76.2 cm (30 inches) of clearance in front for the door to swing open. - Equipment cabinets are generally 1.8-m (5.9-feet) high, 0.74-m (2.4-feet) wide, and 0.66-m (2.16-feet) deep. TIP: patch panels should not be high on a rack mount, however servers and switches should be at the bottom for stability. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B specifies -> metering of cables - 5 m (16.4 feet) of patch cord to interconnect equipment patch panels - 5 m (16.4 feet) of cable from the cable termination point on the wall to the telephone or computer - 90 m (295 feet) of cable run from patch panel to the outlet Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Patch Panels Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Labeling Label every end of every cable Use a labeling scheme that can be self- identifying if possible Ex: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi KSF1R1AR1AKSF1 KSF1R1BR1BKSF1 KSF1R1CR1CKSF1 KSF1R2AR2AKSF1 KSF1R2BR2BKSF1 KSF1R2CR2CKSF1 KSF1R3AR3AKSF1 KSF1R3BR3BKSF1 KSF1R3CR3CKSF1

IP Addressing 800 nodes 4 Class C networks = 1018 ips 5 networks required: Admin Network Students Network Faculty Network Dorms Network Wireless Network Solution: Subnetting Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Subnetting 1 possible solution is 3 /24 networks and 2 /25 networks : Depending on users /24 can be divided like this: /25 = 126 nodes /25 = 126 nodes Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Wireless a/b/g Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Internet Connection Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

Second Campus Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov Lightpath's E-Line Pricing: MbspPrice per month 10$1,300 20$1,970 50$2, $3, $3, $5,415

Documentation Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov Document ALL STEPS during your design and cabling Prepare a reference table with labels Prepare a reference table with IPs Prepare a reference table with ip name matching Prepare an updated blueprint of the building with all new cable runs Document everything else

What have we done Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov Full logical structure of the network Estimated cable lengths Labeled cables Followed all standards Covered all requirements Completed the network design Missing: Node Configurations Physical location of IDFs and MDFs Specified equipment

Questions? Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov

References & Acknowledgment Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov Thanks to:hanks to: Amitava Das and Herbert Bernstein Amitava Dand Herbert Bernstein (ya

Thank You Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License by Georgi Todorov