China before WWII Had a revolution in 1911 Got rid of ancient Chinese emperor system Tired of being “carved up like a melon” – pushed around by European imperialist powers

Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925) Led the Revolution of 1911

Chinese Warlords, 1920s Yuan Shi-kai China was in chaos after the revolution Feudal lords established control

China in 1924

Mao Zedong One of the groups competing for power were Communists, led by Mao Focused on getting support of peasants

Chiang Kai-shek Becomes President of Nationalist (Democratic) China, 1928 The new leader of the republic – tried to stop Mao’s rebellion

THIS MEANS WAR!!! CIVIL WAR THAT IS!!!

The Long March Communists travel 6,000 away from Nationalists- Journey lasts 1 year. 8,500 of 80,000 Communists survived

Japanese Aggression, Japan invaded China, along with East & Southeast Asia to carve for itself a “sphere of influence”

Communists & Nationalists ignore Japan and keep fighting each other. What is wrong with this?

Eventually the Communists & Nationalists join together in order to rid China of Japan. What do you think happens to this alliance following WWII?

The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949 Civil War began again, after the Japanese were expelled from China Nationalist army outnumbered Communist Truman Doctrine? U.S. funded Nationalists

The Communist Victory

Taiwan: The Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek and his government was forced out of China to the tiny island of Taiwan.

The People’s Republic of China

Reasons for the Communists’ Success ► Mao won support of peasants – land ► Mao won support of women ► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics ► Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt (too much foreign influence)

Communist China Under Mao ► Return China to a strong country ► Industrialized China ► Increased literacy ► Class privileges ended ► Rural Chinese received health care ► One-party dictatorship ► Denied people basic rights and freedoms

Great Leap Forward, 1958 ► 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry ► Built backyard furnaces to make iron ► Failed due to poor quality of products, no one working in fields – MASS FAMINE

A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS” ► Old Thoughts ► Old Culture ► Old Customs ► Old Habits To Rebel Is Good!

Smash the Old World. Establish a New World.

Cultural Revolution ► Designed to reinstall a revolutionary spirit ► To forget Great Leap Forward’s failure ► Red Guards – students who attacked elders: professors, government officials, factory managers

A Red Guard

With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the word 'Usefullness'. (1968)

The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us together Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, 1968 Mao’s Little Red Book

Propaganda Poster

Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of struggle!

Propaganda Poster

Assignment *Page 539 *Copy the “Chinese Political Opponents” chart onto your notes. *Answer the skillbuilder questions.

Japan’s Invasion

Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking December 9, 1937

Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.

The Japanese Invasion, 1937

Beheadings Took Place in Public

“Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great Wall, 1971

Mao Meets President Nixon, 1972

Power Struggle Modernists Communist Traditionalists Zhou Enlai “The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan 1976

Deng Xiaoping ( )

De-Maoization ► Agriculture ► Industry ► Science ► Defense ► Agriculture ► Industry ► Science ► Defense “The 4 Modernizations” Progress in: Class struggle was no longer the central focus!

Gap Between Rich & Poor Deng: If you open a window, some flies naturally get in!

Tiananmen Square, 1989 More democracy!

Tiananmen Square, 1989 Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University

Tiananmen Square, 1989 Democracy—Our Common Ideal!

Tiananmen Square, 1989 The “Goddess of Democracy”

Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Government Clamps Down

Tiananmen Square, 1989 One Lone Man’s Protest

Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In

Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by an Army Tank

Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Army Looks For Protesters

Tiananmen Square, 1989 Student Leaders Are Arrested

Tiananmen Square, 1989 Chinese Students Mourn the Dead

Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Reestablishment of Order