KEY CONCEPT – NEW PATTERNS OF GLOBAL TRADE AND PRODUCTION. C

DO NOW - HYPOTHESIS In your notebook, identify THREE potential effects of Industrialization, and explain why you believe these effects will be observed. We will come back and reflect on these hypotheses at the end of class.

KEY CONCEPT – NEW PATTERNS OF GLOBAL TRADE AND PRODUCTION II. New patterns of global trade and production developed and further integrated the global economy as industrialists sought raw materials and new markets for the increasing amount and array of goods produced in their factories.

A. The need for raw materials for the factories and increased food supplies for the growing population in urban centers led to the growth of export economies around the world that specialized in mass producing single natural resources. The profits from these raw materials were used to purchase finished goods.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE - RUBBER "The horrendous atrocities that were unleashed on the Indian people of the Amazon during the height of the rubber boom were like nothing that had been seen since the first days of the Spanish Conquest.” - Wade Davis The Industrial Revolution in Europe led to demand for uses that natural rubber could satisfy. At that time, it was exclusively found in the Amazon Basin. It was a desirable commodity, valued at a high price, and thought to create wealth and dividends for whoever would dare invest in the trade.Industrial Revolution

GROWTH FROM RUBBER Because of the growth of rubber extraction, industrial processing and related activities, numerous cities and towns swelled on waves of immigrants. In 1855, over 2,100 tons of rubber was exported from the Amazon; a figure which reached 10,000 tons by Belém and Manaus, now major cities in Brazil, were transformed and urbanized. Manaus was the first Brazilian city to be urbanized and the second to be electrified. Rivers had long been the key to navigation and travel through the Amazon Basin. But, the river course had substantial obstacles to industrial-level transport: twenty cataracts obstructed navigation. Thus, railroads were built to aid in the transport of rubber product from the interior of the Amazon basin to the coasts, where it could be shipped to markets in Europe and North America.

EFFECTS ON NATIVES The rubber boom and the associated need for a large workforce had a significant negative effect on the indigenous population across Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Columbia. As rubber plantations grew, labor shortages increased. The owners of the plantations or rubber barons were rich, but those who collected the rubber made very little as a large amount of rubber was needed to be profitable. The rubber barons rounded up all the Indians and forced them to tap rubber out of the trees. One plantation started with 50,000 Indians and when discovered of the killings, only 8,000 were still alive. Slavery and gross human rights abuses were widespread, and in some areas 90% of the Indian population was wiped out. "The crimes charged against many men now in the employ of the Peruvian Amazon Company are of the most atrocious kind, including murder, violation, and constant flogging.” - Roger Casement, Irish traveler through Peru.” Roger Casement

Rubber Palm oil Sugar Wheat Metals Minerals Guano Meat ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES – COLLABORATIVE PROJECT

B. The rapid development of industrial production contributed to the decline of economically productive, but agriculturally based, economies.

C. The rapid increases in productivity caused by industrial production encouraged industrialized states to seek out new consumer markets for their finished goods.

D. The need for specialized and limited metals for industrial production, as well as the global demand for gold, silver and diamonds as forms of wealth, led to the development of extensive mining centers. Silver mining in Mexico | Diamond mining in South Africa |