© Virtual University of Pakistan

In the name of Allah

© Virtual University of Pakistan Database Management Systems Lecture -2

© Virtual University of Pakistan An overview of lecture - 1 Database definitions Database history File processing systems –Shortcomings Advantages of database approach

© Virtual University of Pakistan What we are going to study next?

© Virtual University of Pakistan More advantages of database approach Disadvantages Data, its levels Database users Some common terms Lecture Overview

© Virtual University of Pakistan Other Advantages  Data consistency  Better data security  Improved data standards

© Virtual University of Pakistan  Balancing of conflicting requirements  Faster development of new applications  Better data accessibility They also provide

© Virtual University of Pakistan Economy of scale Better control concurrency Better backup and recovery procedures They also provide

© Virtual University of Pakistan BUT Its not always just the SUGAR

© Virtual University of Pakistan Disadvantages Higher costs Conversion cost More difficult recovery

© Virtual University of Pakistan Summary of DB Pros n Cons A very useful approach for data processing Provide a ???

© Virtual University of Pakistan Data As Resource Resource Any asset that is of value to an organization and that incurs cost

© Virtual University of Pakistan Is Data A Resource ? ? ? Data As Resource

© Virtual University of Pakistan Levels of Data Real-world data Metadata Data Occurrence

© Virtual University of Pakistan Database Users Application Programmers End Users –Naïve –Sophisticated

© Virtual University of Pakistan Database Users Database Administrator (DBA) A person who has central control over data and programs that access this data

© Virtual University of Pakistan Functions of DBA  Schema definition  Granting data access

© Virtual University of Pakistan Functions of DBA  Routine Maintenance  Backups  Monitoring disk space  Monitoring jobs running

© Virtual University of Pakistan Data, Database, Data Model and DBMS Database DBMS “How” to get Application Programs “What” to get End users interact Application Programmers Database Administrators Database Designers develop maintain design Software Users Data

© Virtual University of Pakistan LOOK we are approaching THE END

© Virtual University of Pakistan Common Terms Data Information Database Management system (DBMS)

© Virtual University of Pakistan Common Terms Data: Facts concerning things, such as people, objects, or events

© Virtual University of Pakistan Common Terms Information: Data that have been processed and presented in a form suitable for human interpretation

© Virtual University of Pakistan Data, Information and Knowledge Data Information Knowledge & Customer Insight Tahira Amir Jahangir Ted Martin Amex Gold 50, wireless B.A. Amir Mohsin Tahira Jahangir 50,000 46,800 29,200 75,500 Shoes Scarves Jewelry Groceries shoes MoU Qty Income Education Database Queries ? Amir is most likely to buy new product Tahira is profitable customer and is likely to switch carriers

© Virtual University of Pakistan DBMS: A software that handles all access to the database Common Terms

© Virtual University of Pakistan DBMS: A software that is responsible for applying the authorisation checks and validation procedures Common Terms

© Virtual University of Pakistan Database Management Systems Lecture -2