Early Civilization Test Review

I.Paleolithic Age - Men and women of the Paleolithic Age were nomads.

They live in bands of no more than 2-3 dozen people. SMALL GROUPS

2. Neolithic Revolution 10,000 B.C. 3.Discovery of farming/ and the domestication of animals

4. Permanent Settlements New Technology Increase in Population More Complex Society New Cultural Developments Steady Food Source

5. Tigris River & Euphrates River

6. Fertile Crescent is also known as MESOPOTAMIA!

7. Sumerians are the first civilization to develop in Mesopotamia. 3,300 B.C.

8. Sumerians were ruled by monarchs (kings).

9. Code of Hammurabi: First set of written laws created by King Hammurabi to unify the laws throughout an empire.

10. Egyptian Empire was surrounded by deserts (Eastern and Western Desert).

11. Positive-- Kept invaders out. NATURAL BARRIER!

12. Egyptians traded with Sumerians and Nubians

13. Hieroglyphics—system of writing using pictures and symbols. *culturally diffused from Sumerian Cuneiform

14. Shang Dynasty- ∙1 st dynasty to leave written records.

15a.Mandate of Heaven—theory that it is justified to overthrow a bad government with the approval of the gods. B. Started by the Zhou Dynasty

16. Two major river systems are: 1. Yangtze River (AKA—Chang Jiang) 2. Huang He (AKA—Yellow)

17. Chinese called themselves the “Middle Kingdom” a. thought they were the center of the civilized world

18.Monsoons: seasonal winds that dominate Indus’s climate

19.Natural barriers between India and the rest of the Asian continent: 1. Himalaya Mountains 2. Thar Desert 3. Hindu Kush Mountains 4. Karakoram Mountains

20. China’s natural barriers: 1. Gobi Desert 2.Taklamakan Desert 3. Plateau of Tibet 4. Himalaya Mountains

21. Natural Barriers provide protection by keeping out invaders.

22. Common features: *developed on rivers *transportation *trade *irrigation *silt/fertile soil *polytheistic *system of writing

23. Rivers provided: *transportation *trade *irrigation *silt/fertile soil

Sumerian Achievements/Contributions: WheelSailPlow

Ziggurats – temples:

Cuneiform: 1 st system of writing

A. Code of Hammurabi: first set of written laws

Egyptian Contributions and Achievements: 1. Hieroglyphics—system of writing using pictures and symbols.

Papyrus—paper made from reeds that grew in the marshy Nile delta.

Pyramids—tombs for pharaohs Pyramids at Giza

Pharoahs—Egyptian God- Kings Theocracy—Gov’t in which the ruler is believed to be a god or a representative of the god(s).

Indus Contributions/Achievements : A. City building: 1. Kalibangan 2. Mohenjo-Daro 3. Harappa

Laid cities in precise grid system

Engineers built plumbing and sewage systems.

Sanskrit—system of writing

YellowContributions/Achievements : *Mandate of Heaven—theory that it is justified to overthrow a bad government with the approval of the gods.

Mandate of Heaven

Ancient Chinese Writing