Bell Work: Please pick up your notebook and the test review sheet on the back table. Take a moment to copy down the EQ and WOD in your notebook. Then, look over the test review worksheet. Make a note of any topics that you are unsure about or would like to review.

Bell Work: Test Review Sheet WOD  inexorable Vocabulary Pyramid Lecture: Asian Civilizations Group Review Summarizer Essential Question: How did culture play a role in unifying populations? How did social and gender identities develop pre-600 BCE? Homework: Study for Unit 1 Test (Ch. 1-5)

“Change is the only constant in life.” ― Heraclitus See how the INEXORABLE change happening on our planet is viewed from space. Video 01/22/2015, Block 1

Can’t spell it, say any part of it, say or imply that it sounds like something… just have to describe it.

Ancient Chinese Society, Culture, and Political Development

Rivers  Yangtze and Huang He (Yellow) Physical barriers Climate zones Significance of Loess and flooding Benefit of Rice In what way was China’s geography like Mesopotamia’s? Egypt’s?

Archeological evidence indicates: Farmed millet Pigs and chickens Clay pottery Silk Bronze Xia Dynasty? Conclusion: China went through a long process of development that allowed it to become as advanced as any other civilization.

Heavy emphasis placed on the family and the whole Ancestor Worship and Divination Written language unified China (pictograms and phonetic symbols) Big emphasis on life on Earth and education compared to other civilizations Cities vs. Villages Defined Social Hierarchy: 1) Ruler 2) Warrior nobles 3) Peasant Farmers

Mandate of Heaven Good or Bad? New Social Hierarchy: 1) Ruler 2) Landed Nobles 3) Peasant Farmers Decentralization, expanded bureaucratic development “Warring States Period”

Confucianism Founder = Kongzi Analects are sacred writings Applied ren to society as part of parallel between family and state. Emphasized proper conduct in 5 main relationships.

Legalism Human nature is wicked and people need strict laws to keep them orderly. Requires written and public laws, power in the institution, and hidden motivations and tactics of the ruler Arose during “Warring States Period”

Daoism Founder = Laozi Accept the world as it is, avoid useless struggles, follow path of nature (Dao) Journey is the point; no absolute morality or meaning Why might it appeal more than Confucianism? Yin and Yang; Feng Shui

Each team will send one representative to the front table for each question. The first student to buzz in gets to answer the question. We will rotate participants each question. Team 1 Icely, Bodie, Gavin, Hannah, Cali Team 2 Lexi, Ben, Nick, Bailee, Caylee Team 3 Sydney, Ryan, Jared, Melanie, Holly Team 4 Vashti, Cody, Brandon, Lena, Reilly

1. a relative social equality. 2. a ruling priestly class. 3. a dominant class based on the private ownership of land. 4. a ruling merchant class.

1. Reincarnation. 2. Rebellion. 3. Matriarchy. 4. All of the above.

1. produce long cutting edges. 2. accumulate knowledge and transmit it to new generations. 3. begin to fashion sharp tools from animal bones. 4. devise means for catching fish from deep waters.

1. Principle of the Mandate of Heaven. 2. Lack of a social hierarchy. 3. Development of a writing system. 4. Ancestor worship.

1. traded extensively with peoples as far away as Anatolia, Egypt, and India. 2. lived an isolated existence and did not trade. 3. traded exclusively with the Egyptians. 4. traded extensively until the time of the Assyrians, when trade dropped to nothing.

1. Required less time to obtain. 2. Required less labor to obtain. 3. Was not as certain or secure. 4. Was less varied and nutritious.

1. Most of their houses featured private showers and toilets. 2. They traded extensively with the Mesopotamians. 3. They had social distinctions. 4. Their writings have provided a wealth of information for historians.

1. Bipedalism, large brain, lower larynx capable of complex speech 2. Bipedalism, inability to breed in all seasons, prehensile tale 3. Large brain, ability to form social groupings, live birth of young 4. Lower larynx capable of speech, live birth of young, large brain

1. The annual, predictable flooding of the Nile River led Egyptians to believe their gods were benevolent and kind. 2. The major cities of the Indus Valley were left deserted after the drying up of the Hakra River. 3. Protected by deserts and large bodies of water, Egyptian civilization developed hereditary monarchies as rulers were rarely forced to defend or justify their authority. 4. All of the above.

1. Increasing nutrition and health. 2. Dependence on wildlife for survival. 3. Constant warfare with hunter-gatherers. 4. Trade and craft specialization.

Working in groups of 4, research and answer your assigned essential question on the white board provided. Be prepared to explain your response to the class as a group. (Note: Make sure everyone in your group can explain the answer… I will be calling on group members to answer the question)

1. How was the Neolithic Revolution a turning point or hallmark event in human history? 2. Why did some peoples choose to remain pastoralists/foragers even after the Neolithic Revolution? 3. Where did the earliest civilizations form and why? 4. What different forms of rule did the earliest civilizations use to keep order? 5. What factors helped determine the social structures of various early civilizations? 6. Explain the interconnection between geography and religion in two early civilizations. 7. Was there gender equality in early societies? If not, what prevented it?

Sedentary Lifestyle Allowed for surpluses Changed gender roles Allowed for specialization of labor Created a need for more advanced government Humans took control of their environment

Geographic limitations Poor climate for agriculture Inadequate irrigation Lack of staple crops / Drought Cultural connections to previous lifestyle Competition for resources

River Valleys Nile Tigris / Euphrates Indus Huang He / Yangtze Rivers provided irrigation, drinking water, and transportation Why not other rivers?

Egypt  Divine rule; pharaoh = god; bureaucracy Mesopotamia  Lugals = “Big Men;” strong armies (Assyrians); use of priests India  Samsara and caste system (social institutions) China  Mandate of Heaven (Divine Right); Confucian beliefs (Social Roles)

Free vs. Slave (Mesopotamia especially) Land ownership (China) Occupation India Mesopotamia Egypt Gender

Egypt  Gods controlled environment  beneficial flooding = nice gods; unified religion due to geographic isolation Mesopotamia  Violent floods = Angry, vengeful gods; introduction of new religions due to geographic “openness” China  Mandate of Heaven illustrated by natural disasters

All Neolithic societies  women no longer play as much of a role in food acquisition China  Confucianism held women in lower status than any male India  Aryan beliefs made women the equivalent to lowest caste; sati Egypt  Limited protections and rights for women, but not equivalent of men (few female leaders) Mesopotamia  No female “Lugals” = no legal equality for women

Let’s see what you’ve retained from Unit 1…

1. a relative social equality. 2. a ruling priestly class. 3. a dominant class based on the private ownership of land. 4. a ruling merchant class. 0 of 30

1. Reincarnation. 2. Rebellion. 3. Matriarchy. 4. All of the above.

0 of produce long cutting edges. 2. accumulate knowledge and transmit it to new generations. 3. begin to fashion sharp tools from animal bones. 4. devise means for catching fish from deep waters.

0 of Principle of the Mandate of Heaven. 2. Lack of a social hierarchy. 3. Development of a writing system. 4. Ancestor worship.

1. traded extensively with peoples as far away as Anatolia, Egypt, and India. 2. lived an isolated existence and did not trade. 3. traded exclusively with the Egyptians. 4. traded extensively until the time of the Assyrians, when trade dropped to nothing. 0 of 30

4Christian Carrera 4Anna Beiswenger 4Maria Aguilera 4Jessica Caldwell 4Cassie Bolling

0 of Required less time to obtain. 2. Required less labor to obtain. 3. Was not as certain or secure. 4. Was less varied and nutritious.

1. Most of their houses featured private showers and toilets. 2. They traded extensively with the Mesopotamians. 3. They had social distinctions. 4. Their writings have provided a wealth of information for historians. 0 of 30

1. Bipedalism, large brain, lower larynx capable of complex speech 2. Bipedalism, inability to breed in all seasons, prehensile tale 3. Large brain, ability to form social groupings, live birth of young 4. Lower larynx capable of speech, live birth of young, large brain

0 of The annual, predictable flooding of the Nile River led Egyptians to believe their gods were benevolent and kind. 2. The major cities of the Indus Valley were left deserted after the drying up of the Hakra River. 3. Protected by deserts and large bodies of water, Egyptian civilization developed hereditary monarchies as rulers were rarely forced to defend or justify their authority. 4. All of the above.

0 of Increasing nutrition and health. 2. Dependence on wildlife for survival. 3. Constant warfare with hunter-gatherers. 4. Trade and craft specialization.

0Participant 1 0Participant 2 0Participant 3 0Participant 4 0Participant 5