Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 1 Cisco Systems CCNA Version 3 Semester 1 Module 7

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 2 Overview Mbps and 100-Mbps Ethernet Mbps Ethernet BASE BASE BASE-T BASE-T wiring and architecture Mbps Ethernet BASE-TX BASE-FX Fast Ethernet architecture 7.2 Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet Mbps Ethernet BASE-T BASE-SX and LX Gigabit Ethernet architecture Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet architectures Future of Ethernet

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 3 This module introduces the specifics of the most important varieties of Ethernet.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 4 Students completing this module should be able to: 1.Describe the differences and similarities among 10BASE5, 10BASE2, and 10BASE-T Ethernet. 2.Define Manchester encoding. 3.List the factors affecting Ethernet timing limits. 4.List 10BASE-T wiring parameters. 5.Describe the key characteristics and varieties of 100-Mbps Ethernet. 6.Describe the evolution of Ethernet. 7.Explain the MAC methods, frame formats, and transmission process of Gigabit Ethernet. 8.Describe the uses of specific media and encoding with Gigabit Ethernet. 9.Identify the pinouts and wiring typical to the various implementations of Gigabit Ethernet. 10.Describe the similarities and differences between Gigabit and 10 Gigabit Ethernet. 11.Describe the basic architectural considerations of Gigabit and 10 Gigabit Ethernet.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 5 Overview Mbps and 100-Mbps Ethernet Mbps Ethernet BASE BASE BASE-T BASE-T wiring and architecture Mbps Ethernet BASE-TX BASE-FX Fast Ethernet architecture 7.2 Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet Mbps Ethernet BASE-T BASE-SX and LX Gigabit Ethernet architecture Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet architectures Future of Ethernet

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 6 All versions of Ethernet have the same: 1.MAC addressing 2.CSMA/CD 3.Frame format However, other aspects of the MAC sublayer, physical layer, and medium have changed. 100 Note: error ? Legacy Ethernet Mbps and 100-Mbps Ethernet

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide Mbps Ethernet Common timing parameters – all 10 Mbps 10BASE2 - 10BASE5 - 10BASE-T

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide Mbps Ethernet Common Frame Format

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide Mbps Ethernet Differences from higher Bit Rates 1.Signal Quality Errors (AKA Heartbeat or CPT) SQE is always used in half-duplex. (Can be used in full-duplex operation but is not required.) SQE is active: Within 4 to 8 microseconds following a normal transmission to indicate that the outbound frame was successfully transmitted. Whenever there is a collision on the medium. Whenever there is an improper signal on the medium. Improper signals might include jabber, or reflections that result from a cable short. Whenever a transmission has been interrupted Mbps uses Manchester Encoding 3.10 Mbps System Layout(Architecture features) As the frame passes from the MAC sublayer to the physical layer, speed dependent processes occur prior to the bits being placed from the physical layer onto the medium. ??

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 10 The purpose of the CQE signal is to test the important collision detection electronics of the transceiver, and to let the Ethernet interface in the computer know that the collision detection circuits and signal paths are working correctly. The earliest Ethernet standard, DIX V1.0, did not include a test signal for the collision detection system. However, in the DIX V2.0 specifications the transceiver was provided with a new signal called Collision Presence Test (CPT) whose nickname was "heartbeat." The way heartbeat works is simple: after every packet is sent, the transceiver waits a few bit times and then sends a short burst of the collision detect signal over the collision presence wires of the transceiver cable back to the Ethernet interface, thereby testing all aspects of the collision detection electronics and signal paths. The result is that the Ethernet interface in the computer receives a heartbeat signal on the collision presence signal wires of the transceiver cable after every packet transmission made by the interface.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 11

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide Mbps Ethernet No Direct Current Always a synchronizing signal Encoding – Manchester

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 13 Not recommended for new installations. Sensitive to signal reflections on the cable. Single point of failure. The cable is large, heavy, and difficult to install. Half-duplex only BASE5 Thick Net

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE5 1.Legacy Ethernet has common architectural features. 2.Networks usually contain multiple types of media. 3.The standard ensures that interoperability is maintained. 4.The overall architectural design is of the utmost importance when implementing a mixed-media network. 5.It becomes easier to violate maximum delay limits as the network grows and becomes more complex. 6.The timing limits are based on parameters such as: Cable length and its propagation delay Delay of repeaters Delay of transceivers Interframe gap shrinkage Delays within the station The main advantages of 10BASE5 were: It was inexpensive No configuration was necessary

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 15 Not more than five segments. No more than four repeaters may be connected in series between any two distant stations. No more than three populated segments BASE5 The rule. no more than 5 segments separated by more than 4 repeaters, and no more than three populated segments

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE2 Not recommended for new installations. Sensitive to signal reflections on the cable. Single point of failure. Half-duplex only. More flexible than 10BASE5 cable Thin Net

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE2 Thin Net

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-T

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 19 Signal leaves the NIC and enters the cable on the Orange pair. White-Orange is +ve, solid Orange is negative. Signal leaves the cable and enters the NIC on the SPLIT Green pair. White-Green is +ve, solid Green is negative. 568B BASE-T

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-T UTP is cheaper and easier to install Category 3 and 5 cable are adequate for 10BASE-T networks. New cable installations use Category 5e or better for multiple protocols. 10 Mbps of traffic in half-duplex mode and 20 Mbps in full-duplex mode.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-T wiring and architecture The rule still applies. 10BASE-T links can have unrepeated distances up to 100 m. Hubs can solve the distance issue but will allow collisions to propagate. The 100 m distance starts over at a Switch.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 22 Overview Mbps and 100-Mbps Ethernet Mbps Ethernet BASE BASE BASE-T BASE-T wiring and architecture Mbps Ethernet BASE-TX BASE-FX Fast Ethernet architecture 7.2 Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet Mbps Ethernet BASE-T BASE-SX and LX Gigabit Ethernet architecture Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet architectures Future of Ethernet

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 23 All versions of Ethernet have the same: 1.MAC addressing 2.CSMA/CD 3.Frame format However, other aspects of the MAC sublayer, physical layer, and medium have changed Fast Ethernet Mbps and 100-Mbps Ethernet 100

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide Mbps Ethernet The only difference between Ethernet and Fast Ethernet is the Bit Time The two technologies that have become important are 100BASE-TX, which is a copper UTP medium and 100BASE-FX, which is a multimode optical fiber medium.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide Mbps Ethernet The 100-Mbps frame format is the same as the 10-Mbps frame. These higher frequency signals are more susceptible to noise. In response to these issues, two separate encoding steps are used by 100- Mbps Ethernet. 1.The first part of the encoding uses a technique called 4B/5B 2.The second part of the encoding is the actual line encoding specific to copper or fiber.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-TX/FX 1.The data byte to be sent is first broken into two nibbles. 2.If the byte is 0E, the first nibble is 0 and the second nibble is E. 3.Next each nibble is remapped according to the 4B5B table. Hex 0 is remapped to the 4B5B code Hex E is remapped to the 4B5B code In 100BASE-FX and 100BASE-TX, the 4B5B replacement happens at the Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) 5.Information is then further encoded for transmission using MLT-3 in 100BASE-TX at the Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer NRZI in 100BASE-FX at the Physical Media Attachment (PMA) sublayer 4B5B Encoding Table Data (Hex)(Binary)4B5B Code D E F There will always be at least one ‘1’ in each byte, eliminating long strings of zeros.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-TX multi-level transmit-3 levels 100BASE-TX (like 100BASE-FX) uses 4B/5B encoding which is then scrambled and converted to multi-level transmit-3 levels or MLT-3. Any Transition = binary 1. No transition = binary 0. Long strings of zeros would give a ‘DC’ component but because of the 4B/5B encoding this can never happen.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-TX 100BASE-TX can be either full-duplex or half-duplex An Ethernet network using separate transmit and receive wire pairs (full-duplex) and a switched topology prevents collisions on the physical bus. MLT3 coding

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-TX RJ45 Pinouts are the same as 10BASE-T

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-FX 100BASE-FX (like 100BASE-TX) uses 4B/5B encoding which is then scrambled and converted to Non Return to Zero, Inverted. Non Return to Zero, Inverted Any Transition = binary 1. No transition = binary 0. Long strings of zeros would give a ‘DC’ component but because of the 4B/5B encoding this can never happen. Fiber cannot use the 3 level MLT3 because the light source has only two levels, ON and OFF.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-FX 200 Mbps transmission is possible because of the separate Transmit and Receive paths in 100BASE-FX optical fiber. The main application for which 100BASE-FX was designed was inter-building backbone connectivity 100BASE-FX was never adopted successfully. This was due to the timely introduction of Gigabit Ethernet copper and fiber standards. Gigabit Ethernet standards are now the dominant technology for backbone installations, high-speed cross-connects, and general infrastructure needs.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-FX

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-FX

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-FX

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-FX

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide BASE-FX

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide Fast Ethernet architecture 1.The introduction of switches has made this distance limitation less important. 2.If workstations are located within 100 m of a switch, the 100 m distance starts over at the switch. 3.Since most Fast Ethernet is switched, these are the practical limits between devices. A Class I repeater may introduce up to 140 bit-times of latency. Any repeater that changes between one Ethernet implementation and another is a Class I repeater. A Class II repeater may only introduce a maximum of 92 bit-times latency.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide Fast Ethernet architecture 1.Only one Class I repeater can be used in a single collision domain. 2.Two Class II repeaters are allowed in a single collision domain, with up to a 5 meter inter-repeater link between them. 3.Class II repeaters are faster than Class I repeaters. 4.This allows Class I repeaters to provide other services besides simple repeating, such as translating between 100BASE-TX and 100BASE-T4. 5.Class II repeaters are primarily used to link two hubs each supporting only a single implementation of Fast Ethernet.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 39 Overview Mbps and 100-Mbps Ethernet Mbps Ethernet BASE BASE BASE-T BASE-T wiring and architecture Mbps Ethernet BASE-TX BASE-FX Fast Ethernet architecture 7.2 Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet Mbps Ethernet BASE-T BASE-SX and LX Gigabit Ethernet architecture Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet architectures Future of Ethernet

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 40 All versions of Ethernet have the same: 1.MAC addressing 2.CSMA/CD 3.Frame format However, other aspects of the MAC sublayer, physical layer, and medium have changed Gigabit Ethernet Mbps Ethernet

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 41 Fast Ethernet Mbps Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet 1000BASE-T inter-switch links are useful for video streaming applications server to DAT backup drive links intra-building backbones

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 42 Once again the frame remains unchanged. The differences between standard Ethernet, Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet occur at the physical layer. Since the bits are introduced on the medium for a shorter duration and more often, timing is critical. This high-speed transmission requires frequencies closer to copper medium bandwidth limitations. This causes the bits to be more susceptible to noise on copper media. Like 100Base-TX these issues require Gigabit Ethernet to use two separate encoding steps. Data transmission is made more efficient by using codes to represent the binary bit stream. The encoded data provides synchronization, efficient usage of bandwidth, and improved Signal-to-Noise Ratio characteristics. To interconnect a 1000BASE-T network to a 100BASE-T network use a layer 2 bridge or switch.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 43 1 st Frame 2nd Frame 3rd Frame 4th Frame Cat 5e cable can reliably carry up to 125 Mbps of traffic. 1000BASE-T uses all four pairs of wires. This is done using complex circuitry called a Hybrid to allow full duplex transmissions on the same wire pair. This provides 250 Mbps per pair. With all four-wire pairs, this provides the desired 1000 Mbps. Since the information travels simultaneously across the four paths, the circuitry has to divide frames at the transmitter and reassemble them at the receiver. Because Gigabit Ethernet is inherently full-duplex, the Media Access Control method views it as a point-to-point link.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 44 With the complex integrated circuits using techniques such as echo cancellation, Layer 1 Forward Error Correction (FEC), and prudent selection of voltage levels, the system achieves the 1 Gigabit throughput. In idle periods there are nine voltage levels found on the cable, and during data transmission periods there are 17 voltage levels found on the cable. With this large number of states and the effects of noise, the signal on the wire looks more analog than digital. Like analog, the system is more susceptible to noise due to cable and termination problems. The use of full-duplex 1000BASE-T is widespread. For 1000BASE-T 4D-PAM5 line encoding is used on Cat 5e or better UTP. The actual transmitted signal in each direction on each wire pair is a 5-level {+2, +1, 0, -1, -2} pulse modulated symbol (PAM5). This results in a permanent collision on the wire pairs. These collisions result in complex voltage patterns.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 45 Why is the half-duplex operation undesirable for Gigabit Ethernet? (Choose three.) 1.Gigabit Ethernet is inherently full-duplex. 2.Half-duplex operation reduces the effective cable lengths. 3.Half-duplex operation introduces increased overhead by the carrier extension.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 46 Fiber cannot do multi level signaling (not 4D-PAM5 nor MLT3) at 1 Gigabit Non Return to Zero (NRZ) signaling is used with 8B/10B coding to ensure that a good synchronizing signal is always present.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 47 Code Group Name Actual Byte Being Encoded RD- Encoding Value RD+ Encoding Value Effect on RD after Sending D same D flip D same D flip Examples of 8B/10B coding Features And Operation Of 8B/10B Encoding Every ten bit code group must fit into one of the following three possibilities: 1.Six ones and four zeros 2.Five ones and five zeros 3.Four ones and six zeros This helps limit the number of consecutive ones and zeros between any two code groups.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 48 Any Transition = binary 1No transition = binary 0 Light = binary 1No Light = binary BASE-S or L X 8B/10B NRZI NRZ

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 49 Different sub layers in the Physical Layer

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 50 L=Long Wave Length 1300nm S=Short Wave Length 850 nm The Media Access Control method treats the link as point-to-point. Since separate fibers are used for transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) the connection is inherently full duplex. Gigabit Ethernet permits only a single repeater between two stations. multimode error

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 51

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 52 The bandwidth of fiber is inherently very large. It has been limited by emitter technology fiber manufacturing processes detector technology Single mode error

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 53 Table 1 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-X, and 1000BASE-T 100BASE-TX1000BASE-X1000BASE-T Frame format Ethernet MAC protocol Ethernet Flow control 802.3x Symbol rate 125 Mbaud 1.25 Gbaud Data rate 100 Mbps1000 Mbps Encoding (PCS) ANSI FDDI 4B/5BANSI FC 8B/10B5 level PAM

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 54 Overview Mbps and 100-Mbps Ethernet Mbps Ethernet BASE BASE BASE-T BASE-T wiring and architecture Mbps Ethernet BASE-TX BASE-FX Fast Ethernet architecture 7.2 Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet Mbps Ethernet BASE-T BASE-SX and LX Gigabit Ethernet architecture Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet architectures Future of Ethernet

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 55 All versions of Ethernet have the same: 1.MAC addressing 2.CSMA/CD 3.Frame format However, other aspects of the MAC sublayer, physical layer, and medium have changed Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 56 Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet All versions of Gigabit Ethernet have the same frame format, timing and transmission

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 57 How does 10GbE compare to other varieties of Ethernet? 1.Frame format is the same, allowing interoperability between all varieties of legacy, fast, gigabit, and 10 Gigabit, with no reframing or protocol conversions. 2.Bit time is now 0.1 nanoseconds. All other time variables scale accordingly. 3.Since only full-duplex fiber connections are used, CSMA/CD is not necessary 4.The IEEE sublayers within OSI Layers 1 and 2 are mostly preserved, with a few additions to accommodate 40 km fiber links and interoperability with SONET/SDH technologies. 5.Flexible, efficient, reliable, relatively low cost end-to-end Ethernet networks become possible. 6.TCP/IP can run over LANs, MANs, and WANs with one Layer 2 Transport method.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide ae June GbE family. 1.10GBASE-SR – Intended for short distances over already- installed multimode fiber, supports a range between 26 m to 82 m 2.10GBASE-LX4 – Uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), supports 240 m to 300 m over already-installed multimode fiber and 10 km over single-mode fiber 3.10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-ER – Support 10 km and 40 km over single-mode fiber 4.10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW, and 10GBASE-EW – Known collectively as 10GBASE-W are intended to work with OC-192 synchronous transport module (STM) SONET/SDH WAN equipment.

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 59 Physical Media Dependent Each transceiver has four Gbit/s DFB lasers that are optically multiplexed to provide a 10-Gbit/s data throughput. 10GBASE-LX4 uses Wide Wavelength Division Multiplex (WWDM) to multiplex four bit simultaneous bit streams as four wavelengths of light launched into the fiber at one time. Physical Media Attachment

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 60

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 61

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 62 Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 63

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 64 Overview Mbps and 100-Mbps Ethernet Mbps Ethernet BASE BASE BASE-T BASE-T wiring and architecture Mbps Ethernet BASE-TX BASE-FX Fast Ethernet architecture 7.2 Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet Mbps Ethernet BASE-T BASE-SX and LX Gigabit Ethernet architecture Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet architectures Future of Ethernet

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide Future of Ethernet 1.Copper (up to 1000 Mbps, perhaps more) 2.Wireless (approaching 100 Mbps, perhaps more) 3.Optical fiber (currently at 10,000 Mbps and soon to be more)

Oct-03 ©Cisco Systems CCNA Semester 1 Version 3 Comp11 Mod7 – St. Lawrence College – Cornwall Campus, ON, Canada – Clark slide 66 FIN