Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Seed Council’s USDA Foreign Agricultural Service Market Access Program Project January, 2002 Update

Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Seed Council Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project Industry-wide trade association comprised of: Seed growers Seed marketing firms Brokers OSU research & extension faculty ODA staff Formed in the early 1960's to inform and coordinate activities of producers and marketers on issues of general interest to the grass seed industry.

Oregon Department of Agriculture Market Access Program (MAP) uses funds from USDA Commodity Credit Corporation to help promotional activities for U.S. agricultural products involving: Producers Exporters Private companies, and Other trade organizations Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project USDA FAS MAP

Oregon Department of Agriculture Market development is an important OSC activity. OSC’s initial proposal was submitted to the USDA FAS MAP in 1992, targeting Chile, Mexico, and China. A proposal has been submitted yearly for continued funding. Oregon seed commissions provide essential matching funds. Long range goal is to increase demand for U.S. turf, forage, and soil conservation crop seeds. Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project Project Development

Oregon Department of Agriculture Identify and establish relationships with key groups recommending turf, forage, and soil conservation management practices. Develop in-country information sources using seed of improved varieties and best management practices. Develop a program to provide technical publications to inform and educate consumers and provide generic advertising to attract customers. Develop linkages with U.S. market sources. Address non-tariff barriers that restrict seed trade. Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project Project Activities

Oregon Department of Agriculture Subcommittee Chair: George Pugh Subcommittee Secretary: Dave Nelson Activity Coordinator: Harold Youngberg Latin America Coordinator (Chile and Mexico): Don Herb China Coordinator: Randy Waldie Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project OSC MAP Program Organization

Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project Country Programs: Chile Began: 1993 Objectives: Promote US forage varieties Activities: Demonstrations, publications, advertisements Results: Limited due to currency exchange rates Recommendations: Program discontinued in 2001

Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project Country Programs: Mexico Began: 1993 Objectives: Promote greater use of forage grasses in dairy production Activities: Experiments, publications, field days, trade shows, ads in livestock journals Results: Greater acceptance of forage grasses by dairymen Recommendations: Promote grass as a higher profit forage alternative

Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project Country Programs: China Began: 1993 Objectives: Promote grass for forage, turf and erosion control Activities: Technology transfer, training Results: Significant increase in use of grasses for turf Recommendations: Expand program to other provinces

Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project China – Historical Timeline : ODA Economic Development Unit initial contacts 1982: Oregon team established contacts for variety trials 1985: Forage variety trials supported by ASTA and USDA FAS 1986: 89 entries planted at CAAS-IAS, Beijing 1987: Forage workshop at BAU sponsored by USDA and ASTA : Plots established at 5 additional locations 1993: Oregon teams visited China 1995: Formal agreement with CAAS-IAS for regional forage trials 1996: Turf variety demonstrations established at CAU, Beijing 1997: CNTVT trials established at 11 locations

Oregon Department of Agriculture

Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project China – Current Programs 1.Establishing “Centers of Excellence” Research and Outreach Activities Training of local technicians Developing Chinese language publications Conducting training in USA to develop local expertise

Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project “Centers of Excellence” 1.China Agricultural University 2.Nanjing Agricultural University 3.Shandong Agricultural University

Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project “Centers of Excellence” China Agricultural University Green Environmental Center Turfgrass Programs CNTVT demonstration area (tours, training) Interdisciplinary research group Training of turfgrass managers and municipal landscape design professionals Chinese Turfgrass Society linkage Co-author of national turf textbook HU Lin

Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project “Centers of Excellence” Nanjing Agricultural University Grassland Science and Extension Center Turfgrass Programs CNTVT demonstration area (tours, training) Training of turfgrass managers Co-author of national turf textbook Forage Programs Applied research projects Training Provincial forage technicians Soil Conservation Programs Riverbank protection and multiple use JIANG Haidong

Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project “Centers of Excellence” Shandong Agricultural University Turfgrass Science Center Turfgrass Programs CNTVT demonstration area (tours, training) Training of turfgrass managers Co-author of national turf textbook Lead PRC cooperator for web-based information system Forage Programs (to be instituted in 2002) University forage course Training provincial forage technicians ZHANG Zhiguo

Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project China – Current Programs 2.Support applied research activities Forage, turf, and erosion control China Agricultural University Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (IAS) Nanjing Agricultural University Jiangsu Agricultural Academy of Science Shandong Agricultural University Wuhan Soil & Water Conservation Bureau Yunnan Grass Fodder Station YiChang Municipality Taxin Muncipality

Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project China – Current Programs 3.Conduct workshops and seminars using local cooperators Provincial and national scope Yunnan Province forage workshop (2001) Turfgrass management programs (CAU, NAU, SDAU) (annual) USA-PRC Grassland Sustainability Workshop (2002) Shandong, Jiangsu, Yunnan provinces forage workshops (2002)

Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project China – Current Programs 4.Develop Chinese language publications Forage management guides for cool season grasses Turf management circular for southern China Southern Forages textbook translation Turfgrass Management textbook for university instruction Cool season grass descriptive brochures

Oregon Department of Agriculture To develop research-based and validated tools for optimal matching of forage crops with production areas and land manager needs. [Optimal matching will result in reduced risk, increased potential for profitable alternatives, and reduced use of non-renewable resources.] Forage Species Project Objective Optimal Forage Species Selection Using GIS Mapping Technologies

Oregon Department of Agriculture Only center in the world dedicated solely to climate mapping Map products are the most consistently detailed, accurate, and comprehensive; because Map products closely reflect the current state of knowledge Spatial Climate Analysis Service Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project

Oregon Department of Agriculture PRISM: Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model - Knowledge-based system using point data, digital elevation model, & other spatial data sets -Generates gridded estimates of climatic parameters (such as precipitation & temperature) -Accounts for rain shadows, temperature inversions, coastal effects PRISM Climate Maps Oregon Seed Council’s USDA FAS MAP Project

Oregon Department of Agriculture PRC Climate Station Map ~2600 precipitation stations ~2450 temperature stations

Oregon Department of Agriculture Digital Elevation Map

Oregon Department of Agriculture

Digital spatial soil data used in these maps were obtained from the CAAS Soil & Fertilizer Institute Data were originally gathered in national soil survey Soil survey results published in 1995 as a topographical map Using original paper map and a national coordinate system, CAAS SFI digitized the soil data into GIS polygons Soil Maps Optimal Forage Species Selection Using GIS Mapping Technologies

Oregon Department of Agriculture People’s Republic of China: Soil pH

Oregon Department of Agriculture People’s Republic of China: Soil Drainage

Oregon Department of Agriculture People’s Republic of China: Soil Texture

Oregon Department of Agriculture Yunnan Province: Soil pH

Oregon Department of Agriculture Yunnan Province: Soil Drainage

Oregon Department of Agriculture Yunnan Province: Soil Texture

Oregon Department of Agriculture Environmental factors affect forage species’ adaptation Critical environmental factors are climate and soil characteristics Species tolerances to factors should be defined quantitatively Quantitative values then applied to climate & soil GIS layers Final adaptation maps should estimate potential yield Optimal Forage Species Selection Using GIS Mapping Technologies Species Adaptation Mapping Concepts

Oregon Department of Agriculture Mapping Criteria: Climate Species Adaptation Tolerances to Climatic Factors

Oregon Department of Agriculture

Mapping Criteria: Soils Species Adaptation Tolerances to Soil pH

Oregon Department of Agriculture

Internet Map Server Public access View PRISM and adaptation maps Private access Password required Allows dynamic modeling of grass seed adaptations Optimal Forage Species Selection Using GIS Mapping Technologies

Oregon Department of Agriculture Map services China and USA Toolbar Zoom, pan, identify, select, etc. Internet Map Server

Oregon Department of Agriculture Map Features PRISM layers Adaptation Maps Layers: Cities, geopolitical, rivers, roads, etc. PRISM : Mean Precipitation, Min. & Max. Temp. by Month Adaptation: Tall Fescue, Orchardgrass, Ryegrass Internet Map Server

Oregon Department of Agriculture 1. Use Find tool to search for a value. 2. Clicking on the table of search results… 3. Will zoom the map to your selection.

Oregon Department of Agriculture More layers become visible as you zoom into the map Legend displays for the grid data layers.

Oregon Department of Agriculture Run the Adaptation Model MaxTR = Range of July Maximum Temperature MinT = Minimum January Minimum Temperature PPT = Minimum Mean Annual Precipitation

Oregon Department of Agriculture The map updates to show regions of favorable and unfavorable growth based on inputs to the model. Color legend and table of values used in the model appear with map. Recall previously run model results by selecting grass type and “Refresh Map”

Oregon Department of Agriculture Expert System Development Integration of the maps and field trials within a structured, directed, and flexible expert system Linked with crop simulation models and dynamic map making on the WWW Project Progress – Expert System Optimal Forage Species Selection Using GIS Mapping Technologies

Oregon Department of Agriculture Validation (“ground truthing”) Field-based trials for adaptation (survival and production) Peer review of maps by climate, soil, and species experts Optimal Forage Species Selection Using GIS Mapping Technologies Project Progress - Validation

Oregon Department of Agriculture 9 Forage Sites (blue/red) 11 Turf Sites (yellow) 2 Soil Conservation Sites Oregon Seed Council’s Market Access Program (MAP) Project Trial Sites

Oregon Department of Agriculture Initial Draft of WWW Segment Prepared: Optimal Forage Species Selection Using GIS Mapping Technologies Project Progress – Web Site