Harmonization of human relations with nature could be achieved through the creation of the complex of engineering systems and architectural solutions which will be able to provide acceptable conditions for people’s habitation in the context of competent use of natural resources without harming the environment. 2

An energy effective building is a building characterized by low power consumption and power autonomy. Such structures can function completely independently and generate their own heat and electricity for theirs own needs. Solar collectors and batteries, wind turbines and bioreactors are integrated into houses, halls, high-rise buildings and even stadiums; special systems of ventilation and rainwater collection are used, certain elements of solar architecture and a range of other solutions are applied. 3

Main solutions: A building is designed in such a way as to minimize the expenditures on power supply, heating and cooling. Elements of solar architecture (maximal glazing on the south side and minimal one on the north side) are used in the structural design of a house. A shield roof creates the shade in hot sunny weather on the one hand and generates electricity via solar batteries on top of it on the other hand. 4

An energy-independent eco-house

6 1.Solar collector (thermal) and solar panel 2.Soil seasonal heat accumulator 3.Hollow-centered bearing framing with venting channels 4.Sandwich panels of mm 5.System of forced ventilation 6.Heat exchanger (recuperator) 7.Channel in soil 8. Armored glass (heating) 9. Polymeric corrugated pipe (for air exchange) 10. Insulated hot-water storage tank 11. Air and drainage channels 12. Air exchange gates (electronically regulated) 13. Local system of wastewater bio-treatment and utilization for soil enrichment An energy-independent eco-house

Thermal spectrogram of a conventional house Thermal spectrogram of an energy-saving house The diagram shows that such house is heating the street! The energy-saving house has good heat-conserving characteristics! 7

Additional air heating is provided by a chosen heating system - heat pump, solar collector, vortex thermogenerator or other heating devices. 8 Heating:

9 Speed controller Pump Heat exchange r Fresh cold air from the outside Anti-icing valve “Waste” warm air from the inside Ventilation: The recovery system is one of the key energy-saving elements of the “zero” house and its implementation allows to improve significantly sanitary and humidity-related indicators of the air quality. Power- supply cord Heated fresh air “Waste” cold air

High-quality drinking water production is associated with the use of next generation membrane filtering installations. Membrane cost reduction and its production from locally available materials (polymers or cellulose acetates) make reasonable to use membrane installations on small objects. This greatly simplifies the usage of buildings as compared to coagulation, ozonization and sorption technologies. The installation of the system of water cleaning from boron is specified 10 Water supply:

11 A solar collector is a unit that uses solar radiation energy for heating and hot water supply. Under the negative temperature conditions, a vacuum collector with the highest efficiency is most appropriate. Heat supply:

12 Heat supply: A heat pump is a unit that converts low-grade heat of soil, basins or air into the heat for heating and hot water supply systems.

Biological treatment is the most appropriate way of waste water purification. Biological treatment solves the most of the problems. In addition the waste water undergoes a full cleaning cycle up to nitrogen removal and the activated sludge stabilizes under aerobic conditions that allows to use it as a good fertilizer (an excellent solution to the problem of waste disposal). Achieving 98% degree of purification gives the opportunity to meet all standards for purified waste water at the minimum power consumption under 100 Wh. 13 Bio-treatment of waste water:

Entry pipe 12. Distributor Ph Distributor Ph Turbo-distributor 15. Distributive valve 16. Compressor 17. Control unit 18. Power point 19. Heat-insulated cover 20. Electric cable 1. Exit pipe 2. Large disposals filter 3. Sludge return filter 4. Receiving tank aerator 5. Main air-lift 6. Stabilized sludge pump 7. Recycle pump 8. Aerotank aerator 9. Biofilm remover 10. Secondary tank aerator Phase 2 Phase 1 Sleep mode А. Receiving tank Б. Sludge stabilizer В. Aerotank Г. Secondary tank Local waste-water treatment facilities

15 Local waste-water treatment facilities А. Receiving tank Б. Sludge stabilizer В. Aerotank Г. Secondary tank Sleep mode Phase 1 Phase 2 1. Exit pipe 2. Large disposals filter 3. Sludge return filter 4. Receiving tank aerator 5. Main air-lift 6. Stabilized sludge pump 7. Recycle pump 8. Aerotank aerator 9. Biofilm remover 10. Secondary tank aerator 11. Entry pipe 12. Distributor Ph Distributor Ph Turbo-distributor 15. Distributive valve 16. Compressor 17. Control unit 18. Power point 19. Heat-insulated cover 20. Electric cable

16 Local waste-water treatment facilities А. Receiving tank Б. Sludge stabilizer В. Aerotank Г. Secondary tank 11. Entry pipe 12. Distributor Ph Distributor Ph Turbo-distributor 15. Distributive valve 16. Compressor 17. Control unit 18. Power point 19. Heat-insulated cover 20. Electric cable 1. Exit pipe 2. Large disposals filter 3. Sludge return filter 4. Receiving tank aerator 5. Main air-lift 6. Stabilized sludge pump 7. Recycle pump 8. Aerotank aerator 9. Biofilm remover 10. Secondary tank aerator Sleep mode Phase 1 Phase 2

Individual low-power wind turbines can provide an autonomous consumer with necessary quantity of electric power. The solar modules: solar photo-voltaic systems (solar PV systems) are the installations designed for conversion of incoming solar radiation into electricity. 17 Solar panel Wind turbineAccumulator Controller Inverter Consumer Power supply:

18 Electronic control system:

A decrease of electric power consumption at the house can only be achieved by using the modern energy-saving systems based on LED (light-emitting diode) lighting technologies. 5w 3w 6w 12w 9w 12w 18-56w 19 Energy-saving lighting:

“The ultimate goal of our strategic plan “To create a sustainable future on the basis of reorganizing our past” is the creation of buildings with zero energy consumption (Net Zero Energy Building) and thereby reducing our environmental pollution impact. 20 Gordan V. R. Holness, President of ASHRAE Written in 2001, these words find implementation in the present-day ambitious plans and projects.