 Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space  Any characteristic that can be used to describe or identify matter is called a property  Very few pure substances in nature:  Gold, diamond

 Element:ex. H, O, N, Mg, P, K, (all on periodic table)  consists of only one kind of atom,  cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means, and  can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or molecules (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen)

 Compound  consists of atoms of two or more different elements bound together,  can be broken down into a simpler type of matter (elements) by chemical means (but not by physical means),  has properties that are different from its component elements, and  always contains the same ratio of its component atoms.  H 2 O CO 2 CH 4 FeO 2

 Mixture:  consists of two or more different elements and/or compounds physically intermingled,  can be separated into its components by physical means

 Heterogeneous- Different, but may look the same  ex. Salt + sugar, pizza, sand ,,

 suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of larger particles. These particles are visible and will settle out on standing. Ex. Glacial water, tomato juice

 Colloid - A colloid consists of tiny particles of matter that are dispersed evenly throughout. The tiny particles of matter will not settle out. Ex. Milk, jello, fog, smoke  Coagulation- breaks up the colloid

Tyndall effect –

 Homogeneous- Same, also called a solution – will not settle out  ex. Rubbing alchohol, vinegar, salt water, air

 Solute – what is being dissolved (less of this)  Solvent –what is doing the dissolving (more of this) a lot of times this is water but not always  dissolve dissolve

TYPES OF SOLUTIONS Concentrations Solute Less than 50% Solvent More than 50% Examples liquid alcohol - water wine beer, vodka acetic acid / water - vinegar solidliquid salt - water saline (NaCl) solution sugar solution CaCO 3 - hard water gasliquid oxygen - water CO 2 - carbonated water NH 3 - ammonia solution gas air = oxygen - nitrogen gas solid hydrogen - platinum liquidgas water in air solidgassmog liquidsolid mercury - another metal Dental work solid alloy