Latin American peoples win Independence Chapter 24 Section 1 Latin American peoples win Independence

Key Terms Mulatto Creoles Peninsulares Miguel Hidalgo Jose Maria Morelos Simon Bolivar Jose de San Martin

Revolutions in the Americas First Latin American country to break ties with Europe Located in the western Caribbean Dan Dominique one of France’s richest possessions (sugar)

Revolutions in the Americas Declarations of rights of men gave all men the right to vote Including Mulattoes Mixed African and French ancestry French settlers resisted the new law Tensions arose

Revolutions in the americas Toussaint L’Ouverture- a former enslaved African led mulattoes and slaves in a bloody revolt Made him a hero in Hispanola Napoleon sent a French General to take control 1802 French agreed to an armistice 1803 French break deal and imprison Toussaint

Haiti’s Independence January 1, 1804 General Dessalines declares colony independent First black colony to free itself from Europe Called Haiti for mountainous land

Colonies of Spain and Portugal 1800’s Spain controlled Latin America including Mexico Portugal governed Brazil 1700’s Spanish kings made improvements Roads Regulating trade Colonies grew in wealth and prosperity

Colonies of Spain and Portugal Wealth gave Latin Americans greater exposure to education Read works of Enlightenment philosophers Learned of revolutions in France and United States

Creoles Lead Independence Creoles-people born in colonies and are European descent Peninsulares-colonists born in Spain Similar between Portuguese born and colonists Creoles excluded from high level government and church position

Creoles Lead Independence High positions reserved for the Peninsulares Small percentage of population Creoles started to resent Peninsulares 1807 Napoleon invaded Spain Creole revolutionaries decided to act

A Cry for Freedom Miguel Hidalgo-1810 first to call for Mexican independence September 16, 1810 Hidalgo rang a bell and delivered a speech against the Peninsulares Death to bad government and death to the Spaniards.”

A Cry for Freedom The revolt was not against Spain Spanish authorities knew he was behind the revolution He was captured and executed Hidalgo became the father of Mexican independence

A Cry for Freedom Jose Maria Morelos became the new leader Organized Mexican congress with representatives Morelos wanted all people born in Mexico to be called Americans Wanted Mexico to an independent republic with guaranteed freedoms

A Cry for Freedom He led troops into Mexico Took control of parts of Mexico 1815 he was defeated by Agustin de Iturbide Was captured and executed for treason

Mexico’s independence Not all Creoles wanted independence Agustin de Iturbide wanted to lead the final battle against the revolutionaries Believed he could end the Mexican independence movement

Mexico's independence Iturbide made a three part proposal Mexico would gain its independence Creoles and peninsulares would have equal rights Roman catholic Church would be the official church Both royalists and rebels joined Iturbide became Emperor Agustin I

Bolivar’s route to Victory Most influential leader in South American independence Known as the liberator Born into a wealthy Creole family Admirer of Napoleon 1811 Venezuela declared independence from Spain

Bolivar’s Route to Victory Bolivar led a series of expeditions against Spanish forces Bolivar dreamt about an independent South America Wanted a large united country called the Federation of the Andes

Bolivar’s Route to Victory Set up Gran Colombia Included Venezuela Columbia Panama Ecuador Other leaders set up other countries Peru Bolivia

San Martin leads Southern Liberation forces Fought for independence in the North Was a soldier who fought against Napoleon Born in Argentina Lead independent movement in Argentina

San Martin Leads southern Liberation Forces After declaring independence for Argentina in 1816 San Martin moved to Chile Led troops over a 15,000 foot summit Surprised Spanish troops and win independence

Jose de San Martin Moved to Gran Colombia Met Simon Bolivar San Martin resigned his position Left Bolivar in charge Defeated the Spanish in 1824 (Peru) Last major battle for independence

Brazil’s Royal Liberator Napoleon invaded Portugal in 1807 John VI fled to Brazil Lived there for 10 years Raised the status of the colony Became the capitol of Portuguese Empire John named Rio de Janeiro the capitol

Brazil’s royal Liberator Brazil allowed to trade with the rest of the world John VI returned to Portugal in 1820 Left his son Don Pedro to rule Bolivar and San Martin were liberating the rest of South America

Brazil’s royal liberator 1822 Creoles demand independence 8,000 Brazilians sign a petition September 1822 Prince Pedro declared Brazil independent Pedro I was soon crowned emperor Achieve independence with very little violence