Pretest 1. What instrument would you use to measure temperature? Chapter 2 1. What instrument would you use to measure temperature? 2. Which of the following is a unit of volume? a. gram b. atmosphere c. meter d. liter 3. What characteristic of matter can you measure using a graduated cylinder?

Pretest (continued) Chapter 2 4. The sides of a cube are 2 cm by 2 cm. What is the volume of the cube? 5. What additional quantity would you need to calculate the density of the cube described in Question 4? 6. Which of the following is NOT studied in chemistry? a. composition of matter b. reactions of substances c. properties of materials d. motion of large objects

Interest Grabber Classifying Items Section 2.1 Classifying Items People classify objects for different reasons. Classifying foods into groups, such as grains, vegetables, and fruits helps people plan meals that maintain a healthy diet. Biologists classify organisms into groups that have similar characteristics, which makes the relationships among organisms easier to see. 1. Devise a classification system for the following items: orange, lime, plum, apple, pear, rose, violet, daisy, gold, and silver. 2. Explain what criteria you used to place items into each category of your classification system.

Reading Strategy Previewing a. substance b. compound Section 2.1 Previewing a. substance b. compound c. and d. homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous mixture

Distinguishing Features Interest Grabber Section 2.2 Distinguishing Features Physical characteristics can be used to describe and distinguish a person from other people. An accurate physical description can often be used to identify a person in a crowd. Practice identifying physical characteristics with the animals listed below. Your teacher will supply you with pictures of each animal. lion cheetah ocelot leopard tiger bobcat 1. What characteristics make these animals similar? 2. What characteristics make them different?

Reading Strategy Building Vocabulary Section 2.2 Building Vocabulary a. The tendency of a liquid to resist flowing b. The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering c. The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to liquid.

Melting and Boiling Points of Some Substances Figure 12

Interest Grabber Safety Symbols Section 2.3 Safety Symbols It is important to pay attention to warning labels when working with chemicals. Look at the safety symbols at the right. Write a brief statement for each symbol explaining what actions you need to take to avoid a possible danger.

Reading Strategy Previewing Section 2.3 Previewing a. Copper roof changing color from red to green when exposed to moist air b. Formation of carbon dioxide gas when vinegar is added to baking soda c. Formation of cottage cheese curds when acid is added to milk

Reading Strategy Previewing Section 2.3 Previewing a. Copper roof changing color from red to green when exposed to moist air b. Formation of carbon dioxide gas when vinegar is added to baking soda c. Formation of cottage cheese curds when acid is added to milk.

Pretest Answers Chapter 2 1. What instrument would you use to measure temperature? 2. Which of the following is a unit of volume? a. gram b. atmosphere c. meter d. liter 3. What characteristic of matter can you measure using a graduated cylinder? a thermometer volume Click the mouse button to display the answers.

Pretest Answers (continued) Chapter 2 4. The sides of a cube are 2 cm by 2 cm. What is the volume of the cube? 5. What additional quantity would you need to calculate the density of the cube described in Question 4? 6. Which of the following is NOT studied in chemistry? a. composition of matter b. reactions of substances c. properties of materials d. motion of large objects 8 cm3 the cube’s mass Click the mouse button to display the answers.

Interest Grabber Answers Section 2.1 1. Devise a classification system for the following items: orange, lime, plum, apple, pear, rose, violet, daisy, gold, and silver. 2. Explain what criteria you used to place items into each category of your classification system. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Fruit—orange, lime, plum, apple, pear; Flower—rose, violet, daisy; and Element—gold, silver. You could also classify the list based on whether or not the item is a color name.

Interest Grabber Answers Section 2.2 1. What characteristics make these animals similar? Answers will vary. All the animals have four legs, fur, sharp teeth, and a tail. 2. What characteristics make them different? Answers will vary. There are differences in color, size, and shape of face and body.

Interest Grabber Answers Section 2.3 A. No flames, sparks, or exposed sources of heat should be present during an experiment. B. When working with poisonous or irritating vapors, work in a well-ventilated area. Avoid inhaling a vapor directly. C. Avoid getting corrosive chemicals on skin or clothing, or in the eyes. D. Tie back long hair and loose clothing, and put on safety goggles before using a burner.

Go Online More on the issue of arsenic-treated wood Chapter 2 More on the issue of arsenic-treated wood Self-grading assessment Articles on properties of matter For links on mixtures, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: ccn-1021. For links on chemical and physical changes, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: ccn-1023.

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