Aim: Why did Bolivar believe that the Latin American revolutions were failures? “Those who serve the revolution plow the sea.”

Haiti: An Early Example of Imperialism 1. Colonialists destroy indigenous culture and society 2. Colonialists create a new social structure: a few European elites a larger number of native (Haitian) elites a huge number of oppressed Different class interests, even after revolution (whose revolution is it?)

Haiti: An Early Example of Imperialism 3. Colonialists create a new economic system (plantation agriculture) based on oppression 4. Colonialists educate only a handful of native elites 5. Pressure from the West continues even after the revolution Should you change the system after the revolution? Who should rule after the revolution?

Based on your class (and caste) position, which ideals of the enlightenment inspire you most? Based on your class (and caste) position, draw up a list of revolutionary demands Enlightened Despotism Progress Rationality Logic Organization Planning Revolution Natural Rights Equality Consent of the Governed Rights Liberty

Territorial division of Spanish colonies, 1797

The Back Story: Nationalism and development What made US and French nationalism possible, while Latin American nationalism lagged?

What made nationalism and economic development difficult in Latin America?

What made NATIONALISM and economic development difficult in Latin America? Geographic separateness; Each area’s culture and economy were different Each area’s elites (creoles) wanted to rule (big fish/little pond) No common ideology or interests among Creoles, Mestizos, Africans, Indians

What made nationalism and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT difficult in Latin America? The rise of caudillos - local plantation and ranch owners and aristocrats - who control political power Want to export their agricultural goods and import cheap manufactured goods – compare with North/South conflict in United States

Civil War Division of States

Agricultural Slavery INDUSTRIAL FREE LABOR

Agricultural Slavery INDUSTRIAL FREE LABOR HIGH TARIFFS TO PROTECT AMERICAN INDUSTRY LOW TARIFFS FOR CHEAP MANUFACTURED GOODS

What made nationalism and economic development difficult in Latin America? The rise of caudillos - local plantation and ranch owners and aristocrats - who control political power Want to export their agricultural goods and import cheap manufactured goods – compare with North/South conflict in United States Latin nations remain reliant on European, American industrial goods

Latin America: An Early Example of Imperialism 1. Colonialists destroy indigenous culture and society 2. Colonialists create a new social structure: a few European elites a larger number of native (Creole) elites a huge number of oppressed Different class interests, even after revolution (whose revolution is it?)

Latin America: An Early Example of Imperialism 3. Colonialists create a new economic system (plantation agriculture) based on oppression 4. Colonialists educate only a handful of native elites 5. Interference from the West continues even after the revolution Should you change the system after the revolution? Who should rule after the revolution?