 What are the functions of roots.  List the 2 main types  Take out outline  Lets see the book questions

Lesson 3 Page

 What are the functions of roots, stems, and leaves?  How do seeds become new plants?  What are the structures of a flower?

Section 4 Structures of Seed Plants Chapter 12 Roots Root Functions The following are the main functions of roots: Roots supply plants with water and dissolved minerals via absorption from soil Roots anchor or hold plants securely in the soil. Roots store surplus food made during photosynthesis Click to see root transport

Taproot systems  1 main root, or tap root, that grows downward.  Fibrous systems  several roots that spread out from the base of the stem.

Section 4 Structures of Seed Plants Chapter 12 Root hairs help to anchor plant and absorb nutrients and water

Section 4 Structures of Seed Plants Chapter 12 Roots, continued Root Structure The layers of cells that cover the surface of the roots is called the epidermis. After water and minerals are absorbed by the epidermis, they diffuse into the center of the root where the vascular tissue is located. A root cap can be found at the end of the root. The root cap protects the tip and helps the root continue to grow.

Root Structure Roots have many structures. Plant Structures Root Cap protect the root These cause the root to grow longer

Section 4 Structures of Seed Plants Chapter 12 Stems Stem Functions A stem connects a plant’s roots to its leaves and flowers. A stem also has the following functions: Stems support the plant body. Stems transport materials between the root system and the shoot system. Some stems store materials such as food. Two Main Types Woody and Herbaceous

 Complete Lab from yesterday.  Describe how angiosperms are classified by life cycle. What other ways can they be classified?

 In sporophyte stage, the plant produces spores or seeds. The spore or seed develops into the plant’s second stage, the gametophyte. In the gametophyte stage the plant produces sperm and egg cells. During fertilization the egg and sperm unite to form a zygote. The zygote develops into a sporophyte and the cycle continues.

 Angiosperms can be classified as annuals, biennials and perennials. Annuals complete their life cycle in one growing season. Biennials complete a life cycle in two years. Perennials live more than two years.

 In the process of fertilization the sperm cell unites with the egg cell and forms a zygote.

 Angiosperms produce flowers. In each flowers the anthers produce pollen. The ovule inside the ovary produces a egg cell. When a pollen grain lands on the stigma pollination occurs. A pollen tube grows down into the ovule and allows sperm to reach the egg. Fertilization takes place and a zygote is formed. The zygote becomes the seeds embryo and ovule becomes a seed. The ovary will then swell and become a fruit. The seed will soon grow and turn into a new plant

 Describe fertilization. Is it the same in all plant life cycles?

 Make pictures of each stage in plant life.  Do not write words on cards  Pictures should be colored  You may use pictures from notes

 Define dormancy.  Is it helpful to plants?

 How do plants respond to seasonal changes?

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 What are 3 stimuli that produce plant responses?  ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________________________  How do plants respond to seasonal changes?  ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________________________

 A plants growth response to a stimuli  Growing toward stimuli (positive tropism)  Growing away from stimuli (negative tropism)  Types of Tropism  Thigmotropism  Gravitropism  Phototropism

Plant Responses and Growth Click so see plants respond

Plant Responses to Stimuli The stimuli in space are not always the same as those on Earth.

Plant Responses and Growth ClickClick Light All plants exhibit a response to light called phototropism. Auxin (hormone) Speeds up growth (cell division) Aids in tropism

 Photoperiodism- a plants response to hours of darkness  Flowering plants can be grouped as short-day plants, long-day plants, and day-neutral plants.  Critical night length-  the number of hours of darkness that determines weather or not a plant will flower.

Plant Responses and Growth

 What do the clock faces represent?  Which is more important to the plant the number of hours of darkness or light?  When does a short day plant flower?  What names is given to plants that bloom no matter what the periods of darkness are?

 Dormancy- the period when a plants growth or activity stops  During the winter months many plants become dormant

 During the spring and summer the leaves do photosynthesis numerous cells containing chlorophyll, which gives the leaf its green color.  Along with the green pigment are yellow to orange pigments, carotenes and xanthophyll pigments which, for example, give the orange color to a carrot. Most of the year these colors are masked by great amounts of green coloring.

 In the fall, because of changes in the length of daylight and changes in temperature, the leaves stop photosynthesis.  The chlorophyll breaks down, the green color disappears, and the yellow to orange colors become visible and give the leaves part of their fall splendor.

The graph shows how many seeds germinated over time at each temperature. Plant Responses and Growth

Roving for Life in Space The rover has found three living things and one of them is a plant. Which sample is that plant? Plant Responses and Growth

The Role of Plants in an Ecosystem What are two other roles that an oak tree serves for living or nonliving things? Plants in Everyday Life

Concept Map Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. Angiosperms Vascular Plants Sporophyte Pollen Gametophyte Xylem Nonvascular Chapter 12 Introduction to Plants

Chapter 12 Introduction to Plants

Chapter 12 Introduction to Plants