7.1 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources MANAGING DATA DATARESOURCES

7.2 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Why do businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information systems?Why do businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information systems? How does a DBMS improve the organization of business information?How does a DBMS improve the organization of business information? What are the managerial requirements of a data- base environment?What are the managerial requirements of a data- base environment? What new technologies make databases more accessible and useful?What new technologies make databases more accessible and useful? OBJECTIVES

7.3 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Bit: Smallest unit of data; binary digit (0,1) Byte: Group of bits that represents a single character Field: Group of related bytes - related words or a complete number Record: Group of related fields File: Group of records of same type Database: Group of related files 7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT

7.4 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources File Organization Terms and Concepts 7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT

7.5 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Entity: Person, place, thing, event about which information is maintainedEntity: Person, place, thing, event about which information is maintained Attribute: Description of a particular entityAttribute: Description of a particular entity Key Field: Unique identifier field used to retrieve, update, or sort a recordKey Field: Unique identifier field used to retrieve, update, or sort a record File Organization Terms and Concepts 7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT

7.6 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources File Organization Terms and Concepts 7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT

7.7 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT Data redundancyData redundancy Program-data dependenceProgram-data dependence Lack of flexibilityLack of flexibility Poor securityPoor security Lack of data-sharing and availabilityLack of data-sharing and availability Problems with the Traditional File Environment

7.8 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT Problems with the Traditional File Environment

7.9 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Why do businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information systems?Why do businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information systems? How does a DBMS improve the organization of business information?How does a DBMS improve the organization of business information? What are the managerial requirements of a data- base environment?What are the managerial requirements of a data- base environment? What new technologies make databases more accessible and useful?What new technologies make databases more accessible and useful? OBJECTIVES

7.10 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT Database A collection of data organized to service many applications at the same time by storing and managing data so they appear to be at one locationA collection of data organized to service many applications at the same time by storing and managing data so they appear to be at one location Database Management System (DBMS)

7.11 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT The Database Management System (DBMS) Software which creates and maintains databasesSoftware which creates and maintains databases Eliminates requirement for data definition statements in Application ProgramsEliminates requirement for data definition statements in Application Programs Acts as interface between application programs and physical data filesActs as interface between application programs and physical data files Separates logical and physical views of dataSeparates logical and physical views of data Database Management System (DBMS)

7.12 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT

7.13 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Components of a Database Data Definition Language:Data Definition Language: –Specifies content and structure of database and defines each data element Data Manipulation Language:Data Manipulation Language: –Manipulates data in a database Data Dictionary:Data Dictionary: –Stores definitions of data elements, and data characteristics 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT Database Management System (DBMS)

7.14 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Types of Databases Hierarchical DBMSHierarchical DBMS Organizes data in a tree-like structure Prevalent in large legacy systems Less flexible than RDBMS Lacks support for English language-like queries Relational DBMS (RDBMS)Relational DBMS (RDBMS) Represents data as 2D tables called ‘relations’ Relates data across tables based on ‘key’ Egs: DB2, Oracle, MS SQL Server, MS Access 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT

7.15 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT Types of Databases

7.16 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT Types of Databases

7.17 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Three Basic Operations in a Relational DBMS Select: Creates subset of rows that meet specific criteriaSelect: Creates subset of rows that meet specific criteria Join: Combines relational tables to provide users with informationJoin: Combines relational tables to provide users with information Project: Enables users to create new tables containing only relevant informationProject: Enables users to create new tables containing only relevant information 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT Types of Databases

7.18 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT Types of Databases

7.19 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Why do businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information systems?Why do businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information systems? How does a DBMS improve the organization of business information?How does a DBMS improve the organization of business information? What are the managerial requirements of a data- base environment?What are the managerial requirements of a data- base environment? What new technologies make databases more accessible and useful?What new technologies make databases more accessible and useful? OBJECTIVES

7.20 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Entity-Relationship (ER) DiagramEntity-Relationship (ER) Diagram –Methodology for documenting databases illustrating relationships between database entities NormalizationNormalization –Process of creating small stable data structures from complex groups of data Designing Databases 7.3 CREATING A DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

7.21 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Designing Databases 7.3 CREATING A DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

7.22 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Designing Databases 7.3 CREATING A DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

7.23 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Designing Databases 7.3 CREATING A DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

7.24 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Why do businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information systems?Why do businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information systems? How does a DBMS improve the organization of business information?How does a DBMS improve the organization of business information? What are the managerial requirements of a data- base environment?What are the managerial requirements of a data- base environment? What new technologies make databases more accessible and useful?What new technologies make databases more accessible and useful? OBJECTIVES

7.25 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Multidimensional Data Analysis On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP) Multidimensional data analysisMultidimensional data analysis Supports manipulation and analysis of large volumes of data from multiple dimensions/perspectivesSupports manipulation and analysis of large volumes of data from multiple dimensions/perspectives 7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.26 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Multidimensional Data Analysis 7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.27 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Data Warehouse Consolidates current and historical dataConsolidates current and historical data Supports query tools for management decision makingSupports query tools for management decision makingDatamining Tools for finding hidden patterns and relationships in large pools of dataTools for finding hidden patterns and relationships in large pools of data Data Warehouses and Datamining 7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.28 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Data Warehouses and Datamining 7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.29 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Data Warehousing and Datamining 7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.30 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Databases and the Web The Web and Hypermedia Databases Organizes data as network of hyperlinksOrganizes data as network of hyperlinks Database Server runs a DBMS to provide dataDatabase Server runs a DBMS to provide data Supports text, graphics, sound, video and executable programsSupports text, graphics, sound, video and executable programs 7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.31 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Databases and the Web 7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.32 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Databases and the Web 7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.33 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Databases and the Web 7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.34 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Databases and the Web 7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.35 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources MANAGING DATA DATARESOURCES