What is imperialism? Is it the “natural state” of humankind to want to dominate one another?

 Students will compare two conquistadors: Cortes & Pizarro.  Students will analyze the political, economic and social impact of colonialism on Latin America.  Students will evaluate the lasting impact imperialism has had on the region of Latin America.

 Latin America had a number of diverse cultures and great civilizations, most especially the Aztec (Mexico) and Inca (Peru).

 Let’s take a look back at the major world changes between DeSoto society

 Incas had just emerged from a civil war.  Military technology  Diseases  Used trickery to capture and kill the Inca emperor.

 Moctezuma felt he was the god-king Quetzalcoatl.  Allied with the Aztecs enemies.  Smallpox and other diseases.  Military technology

 Chocolate  Pigs  Rice  Slaves  Maize (corn)  Bananas  Religion  Chili Peppers  Potato  Tomato  Wheat  Rice  Smallpox  Horses  Peanuts  Pineapples

Smallpox is a disease that has been successfully eradicated - the last naturally occurring case of smallpox occurred in Somalia in With recent world events and the biological warfare threat, this conquered disease has again risen to the forefront of public health. Smallpox is a highly contagious skin disease that can result in death.

Characterized by 3 things…  An agricultural body with a silver heart  A Powerful Roman Catholic Church  A Social Class system based on race/occupation

 Although Spanish America was an Ag society, mining (silver) was essential

 Sugar plantations/silver mines  Large rural estates (haciendas) replace encomiendas

 Hacienda = rural estate owned by Spanish families & worked by natives → base of local aristocracy  Source of competition w/ native Ag villages America becomes self-sufficient except for luxuries American silver key to Spanish commerce Heavily regulated, Fleet system developed Spanish silver envied, but much goes to wars, Chinese luxuries, & debts Industry & Commerce

1 of 2 King Council of Indies Viceroy of New Spain Viceroy of Peru Audiencias Local Bureaucrats

 Acted as a ruling force in colonies  Church & missionaries established ideological & intellectual framework 2 of 2

 Syncretic religions are blends of different belief systems such as Animist and Christianity.  Virgin of Guadalupe

 Europeans begin to “intermingle” with indigenous peoples often through rape (forced acculturation) to produce a new racial classifications.

 Mestizo and Mestiza, Mestizo, c. 1770

 Spaniard and Mestiza Produce a Castiza, c. 1770

 Black and Spaniard Makes Mulatto, c

 Miguel Cabrera [Mexican], From Spaniard and Mulatto, Morisca, 1763

 Unknown artist [Mexican], From Indian and Mestiza, Coyote, c

 Black and Indian Makes Wolf.

 Diego Rivera, "Colonial Domination"

 The region of Latin America still has strong ties to Europe because of the era of Imperialism.  Language  Religion

 Populations in Europe and Asia exploded in part due to the abundance of new foods available.  Can you imagine Italian food without the tomato? How about the Irish without the potato?

 Unfair social systems and unequal land distribution will lead to revolts in the 18 th century and 19 th century against European rule.  Even though Latin American countries will gain political independence, they will still be economically dependent on Europe.