American Nationalism Focus on Economics Chapter 5

Economic Nationalism Bell Ringer: How would you characterize the United States during the Era of Good Feelings? How do tariffs affect the economy, people, and workers?

Economic Nationalism Columbian Centinel : Boston newspaper called the time period after the War of 1812 “The Era of Good Feelings.” Described the period of James Monroe’s presidency. Last 2 years they want to create a national bank, enact a tariff protecting American manufactures from foreign competition, and building new canals and roads to improve transportation.

Economic Nationalism War of 1812 taught Republican leaders that a STRONGER federal government was necessary. James Monroe wins the 1816 presidency with 83% of electoral votes. Federalist Party fades away.

Economic Nationalism: The Second Bank Republicans at first opposed a national bank. They blocked the first one in 1811 Prices rose rapidly during the War of 1812. Borrowed money had high interest rates. These problems led many Republicans to change their mind about a national bank. Rep. John C. Calhoun of SC introduced the bill for the 2nd National Bank. Rep. Henry Clay of KY helped to pass the bill. Bank has the power to issue money that would be the national currency and to control state banks.

Tariffs and Transportation Cheap British goods threaten to put American manufacturers out of business. Tariff Act of 1816: was a protective tariff, that raised the prices of imports to nurture growing American manufactures.

Judicial Nationalism Between 1816 and 1824, the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall issued several rulings that helped unify the nation after the war. Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee: 1816 court decides that that it had the authority to hear all appeals of state court decisions in cases involving federal statutes and treaties. Denny Martin, British subject, tried to sell his land in Virginia that he had inherited from his Loyalist uncle. State law said that no “enemy” could inherit land. The court ruled that Virginia’s law conflicted with Jay’s Treaty, which stated land belonging to Loyalist before the war was still theirs. This case helped to establish the Supreme Court as the nation’s of FINAL appeal.

McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 court case Maryland’s attempt to tax the Second Bank of the United States. Under the “necessary and proper clause” the Constitution allows for a national bank. A state can not interfere with an agency of the federal government operating within the states borders. Taxing the national bank was a form of interference, making it unconstitutional.

Gibbons v. Ogden 1824 Court Case Involved a company who was granted a monopoly by New York to control all steamboat traffic on New York waters. The company wanted to expand into New Jersey. Supreme Court declared the monopoly unconstitutional, interpreting federal controls over interstate commerce granted by the Constitution to include all trade along the coast and waterways dividing the states.

Court Cases Strengthen the federal government at the expense of the states. Helped make the “necessary and proper” clause and “interstate commerce” clause as a way to expand the federal government.

National Diplomacy Jackson Invades Florida Spanish held Anger and Frustration for Southerners Runaway enslaved people fled here America has no authority to capture them Many of the Creek went to Florida teaming up with other Native Americans and adopting the name “Seminole” which means “runaway.” They warned the Americans to stay out of Florida. We ignored the warning.

Jackson Invades Florida 1817: John C. Calhoun, secretary of war, ordered General Andrew Jackson into Florida to stop the raids. Jackson destroys villages and disobeys his orders by seizing the Spanish settlements of St. Marks and Pensacola. He also will remove the Spanish governor from power. Spain demands for Jackson to be punished. Secretary of State: John Q. Adams defends Jackson telling Spain they failed to keep Florida in order. Spain gives up and gives the United States Florida in the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819. The treaty also finalized the western boarder of the Louisiana Purchase.

The Monroe Doctrine 1823 Britain and America will make a joint statement supporting the independence of new Latin American nations. Russia’s presence in America is growing. Russia claimed Alaska, then claimed parts of the Oregon Country. American continents were not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. Prevent European powers from interfering in Latin American political affairs.

Homework Page 144 Questions: 2, 4, 5

A Revolution in Transportation