Changes in Matter

Section 1 Solids Liquids Gases Check out these websites: threestates.shtml

SolidLiquidGas VolumeDefinitedefiniteIndefinite ShapeDefiniteIndefinite Arrangement of Particles Packed tightly together, Stay in fixed position. Particles of liquid are packed almost as closely as in a solid Particles separate - spread apart filling all the space available to them Motion of particlesVibrate slowly back and forth Particles slide past each other. They are free to move but stay in close contact with each other. Move quickly and freely in all directions

Types of Solids Crystalline particles form a regular repeating pattern Sugar, salt, sand Amorphous Particles are not arranged in regular patterns Plastics, rubber glass

Fluids Fluid means “substance that flows” Viscosity is the resistance of a liquid to flow Liquids with a high viscosity flow slowly: molasses, corn syrup, motor oil Liquids with a low viscosity flow quickly: water, rubbing alcohol, juice

There are actually 5 states of matter Bose- Einstein Condensate Solids Liquids Gas Plasma

Section 2 : Behavior of Gases Measuring Gases: Volume, Temperature, and Pressure Volume: the amount of space that matter fills Units: cc, mL, or cm 3 Temperature: the measure of the average energy of motion of particles of a substance Units: °C Pressure: the force of the outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container (Pressure = force/area) Units: kilopascals (kPa)

BOYLES LAW: relating pressure and volume According to Boyle’s Law (at a constant temperature): When the pressure of a gas increases, its volume decreases. When the pressure of a gas decreased, its volume increases.

No Name Law: Relating pressure and Temperature In a rigid container (where the volume remains constant): When the temperature of a gas increases, its pressure increases When the temperature of a gas decreases, its pressure decreases

Charles Law: relating volume and temperature At a constant pressure: When the temperature of a gas increases its volume increases When the temperature of a gas decreases its volume decreases

Section 3 Graphing Gas Behavior Graphs are diagrams that tell how two variables are related The horizontal (x-) axis shows the manipulated variable The vertical (y-) axis shows the responding variable

Charles Law Graph The graph of Charles’s law shows that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature under constant pressure. A graph is directly proportional when the graph of the two variable is a straight line passing through the (0,0) point shfiles/gaslaw/charles_law.html shfiles/gaslaw/charles_law.html

Boyles’ Law Graph The graph of Boyles’ law shows that the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume at constant temperature When a graph of two measurements forms a curve that slopes downward from left to right shfiles/gaslaw/boyles_law_graph.html shfiles/gaslaw/boyles_law_graph.html