NUTRITION AND DIGESTION

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION ANIMALS INGEST DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOOD IN A VARIETY OF WAYS CARNIVORES HERBIVORES OMNIVORES SUSPENSION FEEDERS SUBSTRATE FEEDERS FLUID FEEDERS BULK FEEDERS

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION OVERVIEW: FOOD PROCESSING OCCURS IN FOUR STAGES

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION OVERVIEW: FOOD PROCESSING OCCURS IN FOUR STAGES INGESTION  THE ACT OF EATING DIGESTION  THE BREAKING DOWN OF FOOD INTO MOLECULES SMALL ENOUGH FOR THE BODY TO ABSORB MECHANICAL DIGESTION VS CHEMICAL DIGESTION ABSORPTION  THE CELLS LINING THE DIGESTIVE TRACK TAKE UP (ABSORB) SMALL NUTRIENT MOLECULES ELIMINATION  UNDIGESTED MATERIAL PASSES OUT THE DIGESTIVE TRACT

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION DIGESTION OCCURS IN SPECIALIZED COMPARTMENTS GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY  A DIGESTIVE COMPARTMENT WITH A SINGLE OPENING EX. HYDRAS

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION DIGESTION OCCURS IN SPECIALIZED COMPARTMENTS ALIMENTARY CANAL  A TUBE BETWEEN TWO OPENINGS (A MOUTH AND AN ANUS) PHARYNX ESOPHAGUS CROP STOMACHS AND GIZZARDS INTESTINE ANUS

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF AN ALIMENTARY CANAL AND ACCESSORY GLANDS

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION MAIN PARTS MOUTH ORAL CAVITY TONGUE PHARYNX ESOPHAGUS STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE RECTUM ANUS

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION DIGESTIVE GLANDS (ACCESSORY GLANDS) SALIVARY GLANDS PANCREAS LIVER GALLBLADDER

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION DIGESTION BEGINS IN THE ORAL CAVITY MECHANICAL DIGESTION  TEETH CHEMICAL DIGESTION  SALIVA TONGUE  “BOLUS” A BALL OF FOOD AND SALIVA MIXED TOGETHER

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION THE FOOD AND BREATHING PASSAGE BOTH OPEN INTO THE PHARYNX TRACHEA  “WINDPIPE” IN ORDER NOT TO CHOKE, THE TRACHEA MUST BE COVERED TO PREVENT FOOD FROM BLOCKING IT THANK GOD FOR THE EPIGLOTTIS SMALL FLAP THAT COVERS THE TRACHEA DURING SWALLOWING

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION THE ESOPHAGUS SQUEEZES FOOD ALONG TO THE STOMACH ESOPHAGUS A MUSCULAR TUBE THAT CONVEYS FOOD BOLUSES FROM THE PHARYNX TO THE STOMACH 2 LAYERS OF MUSCLE CIRCULAR LONGITUDINAL ACTION OF THESE MUSCLES IS INVOLUNTARY AND CAUSES PERISTALSIS RHYTHMIC WAVES OF CONTRACTION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE IN THE WALLS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT THIS IS WHY YOU CAN SWALLOWING LAYING DOWN, OR EVEN DOING A HANDSTAND!!!!!

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION THE STOMACH STORES FOOD AND BREAKS IT DOWN WITH ACID AND ENZYMES

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION THE STOMACH STORES FOOD AND BREAKS IT DOWN WITH ACID AND ENZYMES GASTRIC GLANDS  SECRETE MUCUS, HCl (PARIETAL CELLS), AND PEPSINOGEN (CHIEF CELLS) INACTIVE FORM OF THE ENZYME…WHY HAVE SUCH A THING?? GASTRIN  A HOROME RELEASED THAT STIMULATES SECRETION OF GASTRIC JUICE ACID CHYME  A MIXTURE OF THE GASTRIC JUICE AND FOOD CARDIAC VS PYLORIC SPHINCTER ESSENTIAL IN PREVENTING ACID FROM ESCAPING THE STOMACH AND BURNING THE SMALL INTESTINES!!!

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION SPEAKING OF BURNING BACTERIAL INFECTIONS CAN CAUSE ULCERS!! GASTRIC ULCER  OPEN SORES IN THE LINING OF THE STOMACH ESOPHAGEAL ULCERS  A.K.A. HEARTBURN!!!

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION THE SMALL INTESTINE IS THE MAJOR ORGAN OF CHEMICAL DIGESTION AND NUTRIENT ABSORPTION THE SMALL INTESTINE WORKS IN CONJUCTION WITH ACCESSORY GLANDS PANCREAS PRODUCES DIGESTIVE ENZYMES AND AN ALKALINE SOLUTION TO NEUTRALIZE ACID CHYME LIVER (GALLBLADDER = BILE STORAGE) PRODUCES BILE NOT AN ENZYME, BUT A DENSE LIQUID THAT EMULSIFIES (BREAKS INTO SMALLER PIECES) FATS AND MAKES THEM MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO ENZYME ACTION

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION THE SMALL INTESTINE IS THE MAJOR ORGAN OF CHEMICAL DIGESTION AND NUTRIENT ABSORPTION BILE ACTION 

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION THE SMALL INTESTINE IS THE MAJOR ORGAN OF CHEMICAL DIGESTION AND NUTRIENT ABSORPTION THE SMALL INTESTINE IS BROKEN UP INTO THREE SEGMENTS DUODENOM JUJENUM ILEUM

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION THE SMALL INTESTINE IS THE MAJOR ORGAN OF CHEMICAL DIGESTION AND NUTRIENT ABSORPTION MOST OF THE INTERESTING STUFF HAPPENS IN THE DUODENOM (FIRST 25 CM) ACID CHYME FROM STOMACH MIXES WITH BILE AND PANCREATIC ENZYMES

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION THE SMALL INTESTINE IS THE MAJOR ORGAN OF CHEMICAL DIGESTION AND NUTRIENT ABSORPTION THE INTESTINE IS LINED WITH VILLI

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION THE SMALL INTESTINE IS THE MAJOR ORGAN OF CHEMICAL DIGESTION AND NUTRIENT ABSORPTION THE INTESTINE IS LINED WITH VILLI SMALL FINGER-LIKE PROJECTIONS, LINE THE WALL OF THE SMALL INTESTINE INCREASE SURFACE AREA FOR MORE ____________ MICROVILLI LINE THE VILLI FOR EVEN MORE SURFACE AREA!!! LACTEALS SPECIALIZED PROJECTIONS IN THE VILLI SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR LIPID (TRIGLYCERIDE/CHOLESTOL) ABSORPTION

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION THE LARGE INTESTINE RECLAIMS WATER LARGE INTESTINE = COLON MAIN FUNCTION IS TO ABSORB WATER FROM THE ALIMENTARY CANAL APPENDIX SMALL, FINGER-LIKE EXTENSION; CONTAINS A MSS OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND HAS A MINIMAL ROLE IN IMMUNITY FECES INDIGESTIBLE MATERIAL RECTUM TERMINAL PORTION OF COLON WHERE FECES IS STORED

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION ADAPTATIONS OF VERTEBRATE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS REFLECT DIET

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION ADAPTATIONS OF VERTEBRATE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS REFLECT DIET HERBIVOROUS ANIMALS HAVE LONGER DIGESTIVE TRACTS RUMINANT MAMMALS  HAVE A MORE ELABORATE SYSTEM FOR CELLULAR DIGESTION

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION OVERVIEW: A HEALTFUL DIET SATISFIES THREE NEEDS FUEL TO POWER ALL BODY ACTIVITES ORGANIC RAW MATERIALS NEEDED TO MAKE THE ANIMAL’S OWN MOLECULES ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS, OR SUBSTANCES THE ANIMAL CANNOT MAKE FOR ITSELF FROM ANY RAW MATERIAL BUT MUST OBTAIN IN PREFABRICATED FORM FROM FOOD

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION CHEMICAL ENERGY POWERS THE BODY KILOCALORIES THE ENERGY CONTENT OF FOOD MEASUREMENT BASAL METABOLIC RATE (BMR) THE NUMBER OF KILOCALORIES A RESTING ANIMAL REQUIRES TO FUEL THE ESSENTIAL PROCESSES FOR A GIVEN TIME

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION A HEALTFUL DIET INCLUDES 13 VITAMINS A.K.A. COENZYMES

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION ESSENTIAL MINERALS ARE REQUIRED FOR MANY BODY FUNCTIONS WHAT ARE MINERALS?

NUTRITION AND DIGESTION SO WE’VE BROKEN DOWN THE FOOD INTO SMALL ENOUGH MOLECULES TO BE ABSORBED INTO CELLS…BUT WHAT ELSE DO WE NEED TO ACCESS THE ENERGY STORED IN THOSE FOOD MOLECULES?? RESPIRATION COMES NEXT!!!!