The IMRaD Structure Dr. Lam TECM 5195. Why is this important? Your project, duh Consumers of research You form opinions based on research (whether you.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
1 Analyzing and Synthesizing Findings Prof. Dr. Khalid Mahmood Department of Library & Information Science University of the Punjab.
Advertisements

Writing for Publication
Writing an original research paper Part one: Important considerations
Friday, November 14 and Monday, November 17 Evaluating Scientific Argument: Peer Review IPHY 3700 Writing Process Map.
Reading the Literature
Basic Science Communication Skills Dr Kate Barry Dept Biological Sciences MQU.
Research problem, Purpose, question
Technical Writing Function. The purpose of having guidelines is to make the document more readable. Standard guidelines govern – Format – page layout,
Chapter One: The Science of Psychology
The Dissertation/Research Proposal Guidelines are adapted from Yildirim’s “Student Handbook for Ph.D. Program”.
All about Empirical Research Articles What’s in them and how to read them… Developed by Debbie Lahav and Elana Spector-Cohen.
Writing a Research Proposal
1 The Literature Review March 2007 (3). 2 The Literature Review The review of the literature is defined as a broad, comprehensive, in- depth, systematic,
Dr. Alireza Isfandyari-Moghaddam Department of Library and Information Studies, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch
(TOPIC NAME) Scientific Writing. Importance Scientists communicate their findings to the scientific community by publishing their experimental results.
Reporting & Ethical Standards EPSY 5245 Michael C. Rodriguez.
Writing the Research Paper BY: DR. AWATIF ALAM Associate Professor.
How to Write a Literature Review
Literature Review and Parts of Proposal
The IMRaD Structure Dr. Lam TECM Why is this important? Your project, duh Consumers of research You form opinions based on research (whether you.
WHERE TO START © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Social Psychology. Experimental reports detail the results of experimental research projects. Experimental reports are write-ups of your results after.
CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Chris Luszczek Biol2050 week 3 Lecture September 23, 2013.
Scientific Inquiry Mr. Wai-Pan Chan Scientific Inquiry Research & Exploratory Investigation Scientific inquiry is a way to investigate things, events.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Locating and Reviewing Related Literature Chapter 3 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright.
How to write your special study Step by step guide.
Take the University Challenge: Writing in the Sciences The Academic Skills Centre.
Chapter 3 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Locating and Reviewing Related Literature This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright.
Experimental Research Methods in Language Learning Chapter 16 Experimental Research Proposals.
Summary-Response Essay Responding to Reading. Reading Critically Not about finding fault with author Rather engaging author in a discussion by asking.
Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application, 9 th edition. Gay, Mills, & Airasian © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
PROF. DR. MOHD ADAM BAKAR HF :
Conducting and Reading Research in Health and Human Performance.
Writing a Research Proposal 1.Label Notes: Research Proposal 2.Copy Notes In Your Notebooks 3.Come to class prepared to discuss and ask questions.
Selecting a Research Problem. Ideas Just take a few minutes and jot some research ideas you have been carrying around based on your experience. Page through.
From description to analysis
Basic Writing Skills Science Workshop 1pm Tuesday March 6 th Department of Biological Sciences.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Intelligent Consumer Chapter 14 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following.
Anatomy of a Research Article Five (or six) major sections Abstract Introduction (without a heading!) Method (and procedures) Results Discussion and conclusions.
1 THE REVIEW OF LITERATURE CHAPTER 2 PREPARED BY: MUKUNDA KUMAR.
Key issues Faculty Website “English Legal Methods”
 An article review is written for an audience who is knowledgeable in the subject matter instead of a general audience  When writing an article review,
PSY 219 – Academic Writing in Psychology Fall Çağ University Faculty of Arts and Sciences Department of Psychology Inst. Nilay Avcı Week 3.
METHODS IN BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH NINTH EDITION PAUL C. COZBY Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
SIMAD University Chapter one Introduction Ali Yassin Sheikh.
Principals of Research Writing. What is Research Writing? Process of communicating your research  Before the fact  Research proposal  After the fact.
Chapter 2 Understanding the Research Literature. Searching the literature Bibliographic databases Bibliographic databases –Proquest –ERIC –PsycINFO –
Writing and presenting a dissertation proposal requires high self-discipline and commitment. Three essential pre-writing actions:  Complete preliminary.
Research Methodology & Design. Research: from theory to practice PhilosophyParadigm Theoretical approach Information collection approach Information collection.
Conducting Research in the Social Sciences (From: Individuals and Families: A Diverse Perspective (2010))
Helpful hints for planning your Wednesday investigation.
Research refers to a search for knowledge Research means a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic In fact, research.
Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 1 Research: An Overview.
Prepared by /Dr.Amira Yahia.. Introduction  Research proposals are an integral part of most studies, and are typically prepared after a researcher has.
Writing in APA style. You can chose between three articles: Ttheoretical articles Reports of empirical studies. Review articles.
Report Writing Lecturer: Mrs Shadha Abbas جامعة كربلاء كلية العلوم الطبية التطبيقية قسم الصحة البيئية University of Kerbala College of Applied Medical.
Writing a sound proposal
Searching the Literature
AP® Research Student Workbook Activity Slides 2015
Writing an Empirical Report: The IMRaD Structure
Chapter 2: Where to Start
Outline What is Literature Review? Purpose of Literature Review
The Anatomy of a Scientific Article: IMRAD format
Reading Research Papers-A Basic Guide to Critical Analysis
Writing a Scientific Research Paper
LECTURE 14.
Lesson 14: Learning Goals
LITERATURE REVIEW Moazzam Ali Assistant Professor
Lesson 14: Focus 1. Why will you not perform well on the academic paper if you simply describe, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize the knowledge base of.
Presentation transcript:

The IMRaD Structure Dr. Lam TECM 5195

Why is this important? Your project, duh Consumers of research You form opinions based on research (whether you know it or not) You make decisions based on research (whether you know it or not) There is a lot of junk out there

What is research? As a noun: “the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.” As a verb: “investigate systematically.” There are all kinds of ways to study things, but for it to be considered research, it must be systematic.

Some funny junk…

More funny junk…

More serious junk…

So as consumers of research… It’s essential to be informed It’s essential to be critical But, mostly, it’s essential to be informed

As editors of research… It’s essential to understand the standard conventions of empirical research It’s important to be able to edit comprehensively BUT, comprehensive editing means it’s also important to be able to edit content This means understanding the fundamental characteristics of good research This means doing the hard work of learning about the subject matter

POLL TEXT CHRISLAM138 to 22333

IMRaD Introduction - Why was the study undertaken? What was the research question, the tested hypothesis, or the purpose of the research? Methods - When, where, and how was the study done? What materials were used or who was included in the study groups (patients, etc.)? Results - What answer was found to the research question; what did the study find? Was the tested hypothesis true? Discussions - What might the answer imply and why does it matter? How does it fit in with what other researchers have found? What are the perspectives for future research?

Introduction Provide context for the research: Outline the topic, condition, problem Topic : Technology in the classroom Condition : Technology is advancing at a rapid rate Problem : Even with advancements of technology, we aren’t integrating new technology into our classrooms Provide significance Why is it important that we study this problem? Provide all relevant and related research and contextualizes that research (Literature Review) Provide specific details about the study What is the study? What research questions are you trying to answer? What hypotheses are you testing?

POLL Text CHRISLAM138 to 22333

Literature Review What is known about my topic? What is the chronology of the development of knowledge? Are there any gaps in knowledge of my subject? Which openings for research have been identified by other researchers? How do I intend to bridge the gaps? Is there a consensus on relevant issues? Or is there significant debate on issues? What are the various positions? What is the most fruitful direction I can see for my research as a result of my literature review? What directions are indicated by the work of other researchers?

Literature Reviews Should identify individual studies or groups of related studies and: Should outline what the research says How the research was conducted (method) - optional What was missing (gap)

Organizing Literature Reviews Chronological Topical Methodological Theoretical

Some common advice for literature reviews Use evidence Be selective Use quotes sparingly Summarize and synthesize Keep your own voice Use caution when paraphrasing

Research Questions vs. Hypotheses They are sometimes used interchangeably, but this usage is incorrect. Research questions: Typically used in newer areas of inquiry May not be very specific due to lack of current research on the topic E.g., How will students respond to iPad integration in a technical communication classroom? Hypotheses: Very specific Often based on previous empirical research or conventional wisdom E.g., Students who use iPads for design prototypes will produce more effective designs than students who use traditional computer software.

Introduction Summary 1.Introduce the problem Make sure there’s a logical and compelling reason to be studying the problem in the first place. 2.Discuss the literature Make sure there’s a logical flow from previous research to the current study 3.Provide details and rationale for the study Make sure research questions or hypotheses are formally stated with rationale for each.

Method Think of the methods section like a recipe. It should include enough detail so that another researcher could replicate the study. Study design Data sources/participants Procedure Measures and/or materials

Results Think of these as an objective report of the results. This section should NOT interject any personal opinions or theories. Usually present descriptive results first (demographic information; mean, median, mode, etc.) Then present results related to each research question or hypothesis May also present secondary or exploratory results Use statistical terminology and refer to graphical elements to depict findings clearly

Discussion This is a more subjective section that allows a researcher to discuss theories and/or explanations and implications of the results. Provide informed explanations Compare to previous research Limitations Applications Future research

POLL Text CHRISLAM138 to 22333

References APA: Social sciences (e.g., psychology, education) MLA: Literature, arts, and humanities AMA: Medicine, health, and biological sciences Chicago: Used by many professional, non-scholarly publications