Phrases A quick review… if you really don’t remember any of this, please see me for individual help.

Appositives Verbal Infinitive Gerunds PHRASES Prepositional ADJ ADV Participial Infinitive Gerunds Present Past

Prepositional Phrases Consists of a preposition, its object and any words that modify the object Prepositions = anywhere a mouse can go or an eagle can fly About before during off toward Above behind except on under Across below for out underneath After beneath from outside until Against beside in over unto Along between inside past up At of to with (within, without) Around but like into upon As by near throughout

The object of a preposition is always a noun Ex: Basketball was first played with real baskets. Preposition: with Object: baskets Phrase: with real baskets

Prep phrases can be used as either adjectives or adverbs. Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns Adjectives tell you what kind, how many, which one, or how much Ex: The original rules of the game were written in 1982 Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs Adverbs (party invitations) tell you why, how, where, when, or to what extent. Early hoops were constructed of peach baskets

Appositive Phrases A noun or pronoun that renames another noun or pronoun. The phrase is that noun and all of its modifiers Be careful: appositive phrases DO NOT HAVE VERBS- then it’s a clause!

Two Types of Appositives Non-Essential: adds extra information Set off by commas Ex: Luke Skywalker, my hero, carries a blue lightsaber during the first two movies. His name is more specific than his status in my life, so you don’t need to know the status Essential: needed to make meaning of sentence complete No commas Ex: The movie Star Wars is a classic that you should all see and memorize. Lots of movies on a shelf - which one’s a classic?

Infinitive Phrases A type of verbal phrase It’s a word that usually is used as a verb that’s being used in another way Infinitives ALWAYS begin with “to” Be Careful! “to” is ALSO a preposition. An infinitive will have a verb following “to”, while a prep phrase will not.

Infinitive or Preposition? My goal is to work out everyday. I must submit the paper to the teacher. To draw the picture, I needed a pencil. I needed a pencil, so I went to the store. ALWAYS note the word following “to” and make sure you have correctly identified the phrase.

Any questions? Tonight’s homework: Mixed review worksheet. Please, please see me if you don’t remember this. It will continue to be a problem for you for the rest of the semester.