Chapter 19 & 20

Verb Review 1. When we refer to the tense of the verb, we mean the _________ when the action occurs. time 2. The action of a present tense verb happens in the ________ but the action of an imperfect tense verb was happening in the __________. present past

3. The imperfect tense in Latin is indicated by the tense sign _______ which appears before the personal endings -m,-s,-t,-mus,-tis,-nt -ba- 4. Exceptions to this rule are the irregular verbs ____________ and ____________ which have the letters ______ in their imperfect forms. sum, esse possum, posse -era-

duco, ducere, duxi, ductus Activity 1: Conjugate the following verb in the present and imperfect tense. duco, ducere, duxi, ductus Latin singular English singular Latin plural English plural 1st: 2nd: 3rd:

Tenses: Present: Caupo mussat. The innkeeper mutters Tenses: Present: Caupo mussat. The innkeeper mutters. Imperfect: Caupo mussabat. The innkeeper was muttering. Perfect: Caupo mussavit. The innkeeper muttered.

The perfect tense may also refer to an action that someone has completed of present time: Servus meus alium tibi paravit. My slave has prepared another bed for you.

Perfect Endings. singular. plural 1st:. -i = I. -imus = we 2nd: Perfect Endings!! singular plural 1st: -i = I -imus = we 2nd: -isti = you -istis = you all 3rd: -it = he, she, it -erunt = they Marcus slaves

How to form the perfect tense: 1. drop the -i from the 3rd principal How to form the perfect tense: 1. drop the -i from the 3rd principal part + perfect endings intro, intrāre, intravi, intratus mitto, mittere, misi, missus 3rd principal 3rd principal part part intrav- mis- In many verbs, the stem for the perfect tense endings in -v-, -s-,-u-, -x-, or -d-.

duco, ducere, duxi, ductus   Latin singular English singular Latin plural English plural 1st: duxi I led, I have led duximus we led, we have led 2nd: duxisti you led, you have led duxistis you all led, you all have led 3rd: duxit he led, he has led duxerunt they led, they have led

Principal Parts of Verbs When we refer to a Latin verb, we normally give the four principal parts, from which all forms of that verb may be derived. Since Chapter 10 you have been seeing the first two principal parts of verbs in vocabulary lists. All four principal parts of the verb paro are:   paro: 1st person, singular, present tense =I prepare, I am preparing, I do prepare parāre: present infinitive = to prepare paravi: 1st person, singular, perfect tense = I prepared, I have prepared, I did prepare paratus: perfect passive participle = having been prepared, prepared

present infinitive perfect participle meaning   present infinitive perfect participle meaning 1st: lacrimo lacrimāre lacrimavi lacrimatus to cry, weep 2nd: habeo habēre habui habitus to have, hold 3rd: mitto mittere misi missus to send 3rd –io: iacio iacere ieci iactus to throw 4th: audio audīre audivi auditus to hear, listen

1. In future vocabulary lists, the principal parts of verbs in 1. In future vocabulary lists, the principal parts of verbs in the 1st, 2nd and 4th conjugations that follow set patterns will appear as follows: paro, -āre, -avi, atus to prepare habeo, -ēre, -ui, -itus to have, hold audio,-īre, -ivi, -itus to hear, listen   2. There is not set pattern for 3rd conjugation verbs. Their principal parts will be given in vocabulary lists in full: duco, ducere, duxi, ductus to lead 3. The principal parts of irregular verbs will be given in full with the notation irreg.: sum, esse, fui, futurs to be eo, īre, ivi, itus to go

Activity 3: Conjugate the following verbs in the perfect tense. Latin singular English singular Latin plural English plural 1st: 2nd: 3rd:

He entered into the large inn however and ordered Activity 4: Translate into English 1. Cornelius erat sollicitus quod omnes cauponae erant periculosae et multi caupones erant scelesti. 2. In magnam cauponam tamen intravit et cauponem obesum bonam cenam parāre iussit. 3. Cornelius cum omnibus viatoribus cenabat. Cornelius was worried because all inns were dangerous and many innkeepers were wicked. He entered into the large inn however and ordered the fat innkeeper to prepare a good dinner. Cornelius was dining with all the travelers.

4. Subito Aurelia gemuit quod cubiculum sordidum. erat. 5 4. Subito Aurelia gemuit quod cubiculum sordidum erat. 5. Mox servi cauponis lectum meliorem in cubiculum poratverunt. 6. Cornelii uxor defessa cubitum īre poterat. Suddenly Aurelia groaned because the bedroom was dirty. Soon the slaves of the innkeeper carried a better bed into the bedroom. The tired wife of Cornelius was able to go to bed.

When the tunic of Sextus was stuck in the branches; we all laughed Activity 5 - Supply the appropriate perfect tense endings, and then translate. 1. Ubi tunica Sexti in ramis haerebat; nos omnes ris_________. 2. Quo ivit Cornelia? Ego et Marcus patrem hoc(this) rogav_________, sed ille(he) nihil respond__________. imus When the tunic of Sextus was stuck in the branches; we all laughed imus it Where has Cornelia gone? Marcus and I asked father this, but he replied nothing.

3. Quamquam Sextus fu_________ molestus, servi 3. Quamquam Sextus fu_________ molestus, servi eum non verberav__________. 4. Ubi heri fu_________, Marce et Cornelia? Pater et mater nos iuss_________ hic manēre. it erunt Although Sextus was/has been annoying, the slaves have not beat him. istis erunt Where were you all/have you all been, Marcus and Cornelia? Father and mother ordered us to stay here.

5. Postquam vos cenav_________, cubitum īre. volu_________. 6 5. Postquam vos cenav_________, cubitum īre volu_________. 6. Tune Cornelium vid_______, ubi tu Romam adven_______? Ego certe eum non vid______. istis istis After you all dined, you all wanted to go to bed. isti isti i Have you seen/Did you see Cornelius, when you arrived to Rome? I certainly have not seen/did not see him.