Reported Speech
Прямая речь –это речь, переданная дословно, без изменений. He says to Lena, “I see my friends every day.” He says to Lena that he sees his friends every day. Косвенная речь – это передача содержания прямой речи в форме пересказа.
He tells them, “I can help you.” He tells them that he can help them. При переводе прямой речи в косвенную местоимения изменяются согласно требованиям логики.
next week ago here Прямая речь Косвенная речь the week after before now then today that day yesterday the day before tomorrow the next day this week that week last week the week before next week the week after ago before here there
Reported Statements Глаголы, вводящие косвенную речь: say (that) say to tell (that) say to-infinitive speak about talk about never say about She said (that) she was very happy. She said to me (that) she was very happy. She told me (that) she was very happy. Ann said to wake her up at 7:00. He spoke about the meeting. talked
Present Simple Past Simple “I want to learn Japanese”. Direct speech Reported speech Present Simple Past Simple “I want to learn Japanese”. She said (that) she wanted to learn Japanese. Present Progressive Past Progressive “We are watching a film”. They said (that) they were watching a film Present Perfect Past Perfect “I have brushed my teeth”. She said (that) she had brushed her teeth.
Past Simple Past Simple or Past Perfect Direct speech Reported speech Past Simple Past Simple or Past Perfect “I mowed the lawn”. She said (that) she mowed/had mowed the lawn. Past Progressive Past Progressive or Past Perfect Progressive “He was playing the piano”. She said (that) he was playing/had been playing the piano. Future Simple Future in the Past “I will meet you at 7:00”. She said (that) she would meet me at 7:00
Не всегда надо изменять время глагола, когда мы используем его в косвенной речи: Если глагол, вводящий косвенную речь, стоит в Present или Future Tenses. “I can’t speak French,” he says. He says (that) he can’t speak French. Если говорящий сообщает о какой-либо истине или состоянии. “The sun sets in the west,” Mr. Thom said. Mr. Thom said that the sun sets in the west.
Reported Questions Direct An old man asked, "What time is it?” Reported An old man asked us what time it was. Direct The manager asked, ”Why did you apply for the job?” Reported The manager wanted to know why I had applied for the job. Direct Mary asked me, ”Do you like cats?” Reported Mary asked me if/whether I liked cats. asked … . Вопросит. слово глагол if/whether
Reported Request/Suggestions “Please, don’t go,” he said to me. He begged me not to go. “Let’s watch a film,” he said. He suggested watching a film. ask to-infinitive + beg + -ing form suggest
Reported Orders/Commands “Be patient!” she said to me. She told me to be patient. “Don’t go!” he said to her. He ordered her not to go. advise + order + + (not) to-infinitive … . tell