Mark 9 Mark 9 :The Transfigured King

The 3 rd prophesy of passion 30 They went on from there and passed through Galilee. And he did not want anyone to know, 31 for he was teaching his disciples, saying to them, “The Son of Man is going to be delivered into the hands of men, and they will kill him. And when he is killed, after three days he will rise.” 32 But they did not understand the saying, and were afraid to ask him.30 They went on from there and passed through Galilee. And he did not want anyone to know, 31 for he was teaching his disciples, saying to them, “The Son of Man is going to be delivered into the hands of men, and they will kill him. And when he is killed, after three days he will rise.” 32 But they did not understand the saying, and were afraid to ask him. Divine passive God delivers Him, abandoned Him..this was no mistake but planned Judas betrays Him Loneliness of Jesus

Babylon Assyria

Isaiah 53 6All we like sheep have gone astray;we have turned—every one—to his own way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all6All we like sheep have gone astray;we have turned—every one—to his own way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all 12. Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors12. Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors

OT TRAJECTORIES The King is coming Victory and kingdom Suffering servant in Isaiah ?????

OT TRAJECTORIES The King is coming Victory and kingdom Suffering servant in Isaiah Victor over sin

Who is greatest 33 And they came to Capernaum. And when he was in the house he asked them, “What were you discussing on the way?” 34 But they kept silent, for on the way they had argued with one another about who was the greatest. 35 And he sat down and called the twelve. And he said to them, “ If anyone would be first, he must be last of all and servant of all.”33 And they came to Capernaum. And when he was in the house he asked them, “What were you discussing on the way?” 34 But they kept silent, for on the way they had argued with one another about who was the greatest. 35 And he sat down and called the twelve. And he said to them, “ If anyone would be first, he must be last of all and servant of all.” No problem with desire to be first or outstanding..Jesus encourages it What does Jesus mean by being last? A looser? The most prominent disciple is the one who serves

Serve a child 36 And he took a child and put him in the midst of them, and taking him in his arms, he said to them, 37 “Whoever receives one such child in my name receives me, and whoever receives me, receives not me but him who sent me.”36 And he took a child and put him in the midst of them, and taking him in his arms, he said to them, 37 “Whoever receives one such child in my name receives me, and whoever receives me, receives not me but him who sent me.”

tHE PLACE OF cHILDREN Lowest Status in society No power Totally dependant Vulnerable Loved Immature, ungrateful cannot reciprocate

status

ACT OF FAITH WHY?

No vested interest..serving self

How we serve in church

EVERYONE LEAVES

Martyr syndrome Complain Self pity No one cares Unappreciated Judge others Bitter Cannot take criticism Works self to indespensible position Use work as Leverage

Recognition Self esteem Blessing from God

GREATEST SERVANT Lowest status Naked Abandoned Unappreciated

Narrow exclusivism

tHE ROGUE DISCIPLE? John said to him, “Teacher, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we tried to stop him, because he was not following us.” 39 But Jesus said, “Do not stop him, for no one who does a mighty work in my name will be able soon afterward to speak evil of me. 40 For the one who is not against us is for us. 41John said to him, “Teacher, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we tried to stop him, because he was not following us.” 39 But Jesus said, “Do not stop him, for no one who does a mighty work in my name will be able soon afterward to speak evil of me. 40 For the one who is not against us is for us. 41 (Mark 9:38-40 ESV)(Mark 9:38-40 ESV) What was the underlying unhappiness of the disciples?

The reason for his acceptance? John said to him, “Teacher, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we tried to stop him, because he was not following us.” 39 But Jesus said, “Do not stop him, for no one who does a mighty work in my name will be able soon afterward to speak evil of me. 40 For the one who is not against us is for us. 41John said to him, “Teacher, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we tried to stop him, because he was not following us.” 39 But Jesus said, “Do not stop him, for no one who does a mighty work in my name will be able soon afterward to speak evil of me. 40 For the one who is not against us is for us. 41 (Mark 9:38-40 ESV)(Mark 9:38-40 ESV) Done in using His authority in line with His character for His glory Effective work Not opposed to the ministry of Jesus and His church

For truly, I say to you, whoever gives you a cup of water to drink because you belong to Christ will by no means lose his rewardFor truly, I say to you, whoever gives you a cup of water to drink because you belong to Christ will by no means lose his reward Mark 9:41Mark 9:41 Any work, big or small is noticed and rewarded by God

Their narrow exclusivism should not stumble 42 “Whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him if a great millstone were hung around his neck and he were thrown into the sea.42 “Whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him if a great millstone were hung around his neck and he were thrown into the sea.

Radical discipleship 43 And if your hand causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life crippled than with two hands to go to hell, to the unquenchable fire. 45 And if your foot causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life lame than with two feet to be thrown into hell 47 And if your eye causes you to sin, tear it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than with two eyes to be thrown into hell, 48 ‘where their worm does not die and the fire is not quenched. 43 And if your hand causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life crippled than with two hands to go to hell, to the unquenchable fire. 45 And if your foot causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life lame than with two feet to be thrown into hell 47 And if your eye causes you to sin, tear it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than with two eyes to be thrown into hell, 48 ‘where their worm does not die and the fire is not quenched.

Origen METAPHORIC HYPERBOLE

49 For everyone will be salted with fire. 50 Salt is good, but if the salt has lost its saltiness, how will you make it salty again? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another49 For everyone will be salted with fire. 50 Salt is good, but if the salt has lost its saltiness, how will you make it salty again? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another (Mark 9:30-50 ESV)(Mark 9:30-50 ESV) What does it mean?

SALTFIRE SALTPEACE

49 For everyone will be salted with fire. 50 Salt is good, but if the salt has lost its saltiness, how will you make it salty again? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another49 For everyone will be salted with fire. 50 Salt is good, but if the salt has lost its saltiness, how will you make it salty again? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another (Mark 9:30-50 ESV)(Mark 9:30-50 ESV)

salt Salt preserves MeatSalt preserves Meat Christians preserves society from decayChristians preserves society from decay Saltiness is therefore the preservative power of Christians in the evil world we live in todaySaltiness is therefore the preservative power of Christians in the evil world we live in today Saltiness is the godliness of disciples that enables them to play their role in society todaySaltiness is the godliness of disciples that enables them to play their role in society today

fire Fires of perdition- Eternal Punishment Fires of purification:Trials or Sufferings

49 For everyone will be salted with fire.49 For everyone will be salted with fire. Made Salty Made godly Through suffering or trials Ties with previous verses because the sacrifice of radical discipleship will result in suffering But the process results in growth..godliness, saltiness

49 For everyone will be salted with fire. 50 Salt is good, but if the salt has lost its saltiness, how will you make it salty again? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another49 For everyone will be salted with fire. 50 Salt is good, but if the salt has lost its saltiness, how will you make it salty again? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another Growth in godliness through the purification process of fire will result in peace with one another

Mark 10

The question of divorce

According to the Mishnah (compiled from earlier oral tradition ca. 200 CE), Hillel (first cent. BCE) permitted divorce if a wife had spoiled a meal, and Akiba (second cent. CE) permitted it if a more beautiful woman was available (Deut. 24:1; m. Git ̣ ).According to the Mishnah (compiled from earlier oral tradition ca. 200 CE), Hillel (first cent. BCE) permitted divorce if a wife had spoiled a meal, and Akiba (second cent. CE) permitted it if a more beautiful woman was available (Deut. 24:1; m. Git ̣ ). (Matthew 5:32 BECNT)(Matthew 5:32 BECNT)

And he left there and went to the region of Judea and beyond the Jordan, and crowds gathered to him again. And again, as was his custom, he taught them.And he left there and went to the region of Judea and beyond the Jordan, and crowds gathered to him again. And again, as was his custom, he taught them. 2 And Pharisees came up and in order to test him asked, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?”2 And Pharisees came up and in order to test him asked, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?” The question of divorce brought up to trap Jesus

Background 1 “When a man takes a wife and marries her, if then she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some indecency in her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce and puts it in her hand and sends her out of his house, and she departs out of his house1 “When a man takes a wife and marries her, if then she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some indecency in her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce and puts it in her hand and sends her out of his house, and she departs out of his house (Deuteronomy 24:1 ESV)(Deuteronomy 24:1 ESV) Man Wife divorce

The trap Pit Jesus against the Mosaic Law by using divorce lawPit Jesus against the Mosaic Law by using divorce law Jewish idea of supremacy of men based on Gen 2Jewish idea of supremacy of men based on Gen 2 Stumbling the little onesStumbling the little ones

3 He answered them, “What did Moses command you?” 4 They said, “Moses allowed a man to write a certificate of divorce and to send her away.” 5 And Jesus said to them, “ Because of your hardness of heart he wrote you this commandment.3 He answered them, “What did Moses command you?” 4 They said, “Moses allowed a man to write a certificate of divorce and to send her away.” 5 And Jesus said to them, “ Because of your hardness of heart he wrote you this commandment. Point 1 Permitted because of the sinfulness of man God’s intention not honored by observing the letter of the law

6 But from the beginning of creation, ‘God made them male and female. ’ 7 ‘ Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother and hold fast to his wife, 8 and the two shall become one flesh.6 But from the beginning of creation, ‘God made them male and female. ’ 7 ‘ Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother and hold fast to his wife, 8 and the two shall become one flesh. Amwser 2 Men and Women equally made in the image of God Gen 1:26-27 Marriage as one flesh the original intent Based on both equally in His image

8 and the two shall become one flesh. ’ So they are no longer two but one flesh. 9 What therefore God has joined together, let not man separate.”8 and the two shall become one flesh. ’ So they are no longer two but one flesh. 9 What therefore God has joined together, let not man separate.” Amwser 3 Marriage is more than human convention it is God’s creation Which cannot be undone

Who commits the sin? And in the house the disciples asked him again about this matter. 11 And he said to them, “Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her, 12 and if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adulteryAnd in the house the disciples asked him again about this matter. 11 And he said to them, “Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her, 12 and if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery (Mark 10:10-12 ESV)(Mark 10:10-12 ESV) For Gentiles

Can the one who was divorced party marry again The innocent party

What about matthew? But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except on the ground of sexual immorality, makes her commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adulteryBut I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except on the ground of sexual immorality, makes her commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery (Matthew 5:32 ESV)(Matthew 5:32 ESV)

Problem 1: makes her commit …double wrong Problem 2: grounds for divorce-infidelity means innocence how can wrong party be condemned? Problem 3: the verb commit adultery is passive not active as in makes her commit adultery

Wrongly assumed subjects But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except on the ground of sexual immorality, makes her commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adulteryBut I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except on the ground of sexual immorality, makes her commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery (Matthew 5:32 ESV)(Matthew 5:32 ESV) Passive infinitive.. μοιχευθ ῆ ναι Aorist Passive participle

Passive infinitive.. μοιχευθ ῆ να ----woman who has been released,woman has been forced into a position that appears to men as though she, too, had violated the commandmentPassive infinitive.. μοιχευθ ῆ να ----woman who has been released,woman has been forced into a position that appears to men as though she, too, had violated the commandment Aorist passive participle τ ὴ ν ἀ π ολελυμ έ νην "her that has been released or dismissedAorist passive participle τ ὴ ν ἀ π ολελυμ έ νην "her that has been released or dismissed

The subject But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except on the ground of sexual immorality, makes her commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adulteryBut I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except on the ground of sexual immorality, makes her commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery (Matthew 5:32 ESV)(Matthew 5:32 ESV) Passive infinitive.. μοιχευθ ῆ ναι Aorist Passive participle

15 But if the unbelieving partner separates, let it be so. In such cases the brother or sister is not enslaved. God has called you to peace. 16 For how do you know, wife, whether you will save your husband? Or how do you know, husband, whether you will save your wife15 But if the unbelieving partner separates, let it be so. In such cases the brother or sister is not enslaved. God has called you to peace. 16 For how do you know, wife, whether you will save your husband? Or how do you know, husband, whether you will save your wife (1 Corinthians 7:15-16 ESV )(1 Corinthians 7:15-16 ESV )

Subject of condemnation the one who initiates divorce Causes them to be stigmatized as divorced …passive voice with victims as the divorced spouse and subject of condemnation the initiator of divorce

Jewish law But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except on the ground of sexual immorality, makes her commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adulteryBut I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except on the ground of sexual immorality, makes her commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery (Matthew 5:32 ESV)(Matthew 5:32 ESV) And I say to you:whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another, commits adultery.”And I say to you:whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another, commits adultery.” (Matthew 19:9 ESV)(Matthew 19:9 ESV)