Skeletal System Functions and Long bones

Functions 1.Framework –The bones form a framework to support the body’s muscles, fat, and skin

Functions 2. Protection Bones surround vital organs for protection

Functions 3.Levers Muscles attach to bones to help provide movement

Functions 4. Production of blood cells - Bones help produce red and white blood cells and platelets 5. Storage - Bones store most of the calcium supply of the body

Review What are the five functions of the skeletal system?

Long Bones

Skeletal System Axial Skeleton –Skull, spinal column, ribs, and breastbone Appendicular skeleton –Shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, leg bones

Skull Cranium –Made of eight bones One frontal, two parietal, two temporal, one occipital, one ethmoid, and one sphenoid Facial –Made of 14 bones One mandible, two maxilla, two zygomatic, two lacrimal, five nasal, two palatine

Skull Sutures –Areas where the cranial bones have joined together Sinuses –Air spaces in the bones of the skull Foramina –Openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone

Review How many bones make the cranium? Name all the bones of the cranium. How many bones comprise the facial bones?

Spinal Column Made of 26 bones called vertebrae Protect the spinal cord and provide support for the head and trunk

Ribs 12 pairs of ribs –First seven are called “true ribs” because they attach directly to the sternum –Bottom five pairs are called “false ribs”

Sternum Breastbone –Manubrium –Gladiolus –Xiphiod process

Shoulder Girdle Consists of –2 Clavicles –2 Scapulas

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Review How many vertebrae make up the spine? What are the two functions of the spine? How many pairs of ribs do humans have? What is the proper name for the “breastbone”? What bones make the shoulder girdle?

Arm Humerus –Upper arm Radius –On thumb side Ulna –Larger of the two lower arm bones Carpals –wrist Metacarpals –Palm of hand Phalanges –fingers

Review What bones comprise the upper extremity? Which side is the radius located?

Pelvic Girdle 2 Os Coxae (hip bones) Join with sacrum

Review What is the name of the two bones that join the sacrum to comprise the pelvic girdle?

Bones of the lower extremity Femur Patella Tibia Fibula 7 tarsals –ankle 5 metatarsals –Instep of foot Phalanges –toes

Femur Patella Tibia Fibula

What is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg? Tibia

Review Which bones comprise the lower extremity? How many tarsal bones do you have? How many metatarsals do you have?

Joints Areas where two or more bones join together Three main types of joints –Diarthrosis –Amphiarthrosis –Synarthrosis

Joints Diarthrosis –Freely movable; examples include the ball-and- socket joints of the shoulder and hip, or the hinge joints of the elbow and knee

Joints Amphiarthrosis –Slightly movable; an example is the attachment of the ribs to the thoracic vertebrae

Joints Synarthrosis –Immovable; an example is the cranium

Review What are the three main type of joints?

Diseases and Abnormal Conditions Arthritis –Inflammation of the joints Bursitis –Inflammation of the busae (small fluid-filled sacs surrounding the joints)

Diseases and Abnormal Conditions Fracture –Crack or break in a bone Dislocation –When a bone is forcibly displaced from a joint

Diseases and Abnormal Conditions

Sprain –Twisting action tears the ligaments at a joint Osteomyelitis –Bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogenic organism Osteoporosis –Increased porosity or softening of the bones

Diseases and Abnormal Conditions Ruptured Disk –Herniated or slipped pad separating the vertebrae

Abnormal curvatures of the spine Kyphosis –“hunchback” Scoliosis –Side-to-side or lateral curvature Lordosis –“swayback”

Review List at least five diseases or abnormal conditions of the skeletal system.