Skeletal System 7 th Grade Health

Basic Bone Information How many bones are there in the adult human body? –206 –Newborns have about 350 Why do they have more? Their bones fuse together as they get older Types of Bones –Long Femur, Humerus –Short Carpals –Irregular Vertebrae –Flat Pelvis, Patella

Basic Bone Information What is the largest bone in the body? –Femur which accounts for ¼ of your height What is the smallest? –Stirrup Bone Located in middle ear and is approximately a tenth of an inch big

Functions of the Skeletal System 1.SupportSupport Without bones you would be a giant blob on the ground 2.MovementMovement Muscles are connected to bones through TENDONS 3.ProtectionProtection Encases and Protects Vital Organs What are some organs it protects? 4.Produce Red Blood CellsProduce Red Blood Cells 5.Calcium Storage

Parts of the Bone Periosteum –Outer most layer of the bone –Tissue laced with vessels and nerves –Responsible for GROWTH and REPAIR Compact Bone –Thick mineral material that surrounds the canals/cavities in bone Cartilage –Softer bone tissue that provides cushioning for bones (shock absorber) –Material that most babies bones are made of Over time it hardens into solid bone

Parts of the Bone Bone Marrow Cavity –Hollow part of bone where your bone marrow is stored stored Spongy Bone –Part of bone that has spaces between them –Just as strong as compact bone but lighter –Stores Red Marrow (where Red Blood Cells are produced)

Bone Breakdown Skull (Cranium)Cranium –29 Bones (8 that cover brain) Vertebrae –26 Ribs –24 and sternum Upper Limb –30 each side Lower Limbs –30 each side

Common vs. Medical Terms Common Name 1.Skull 2.Jaw 3.Neck 4.Collar 5.Shoulder 6.Breast Plate 7.Funny Bone 8.Forearm (thumb) 9.Forearm (pinky) 10.Wrist 11.Hand 12.Fingers 13.Ribs Medical Name 1.Cranium 2.Mandible 3.Cervical Vertebrae 4.Clavicle 5.Scapula 6.Sternum 7.Humerus 8.Radius 9.Ulna 10.Carpals 11.Metacarpals 12.Phalanges 13.Ribs

Common vs. Medical Terms Common 14.Spine 15.Middle Back 16.Lower Back 17.Tailbone 18.Hips 19.Thigh 20.Knee Cap 21.Shin 22.Calf 23.Ankle 24.Foot 25.Toes Medical 14.Vertebrae 15.Thoracic Vertebrae 16.Lumbar Vertebrae 17.Sacrum 18.Pelvis 19.Femur 20.Patella 21.Tibia 22.Fibula 23.Tarsal 24.Metatarsal 25.Phalanges

Time to build our skeleton friend

Injuries to Skeletal System Fractures –Greenstick A break in which the bone splinters and does not completely break Occurs mainly in children and adolescents –Why? –Complete Simple: happens when there is a complete break in the bone Compound: happens when there is a complete break in the bone and the bone breaks the skin

Injuries Continued Dislocations –Occurs at Joints: Joints: a place where two bones meetJoints –When two bones that are connected move out of place Ex. –Shoulder Dislocation »When the head of the humerus moves out of the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Diseases of the Skeletal System Scoliosis –Sideways curvature of the spine –Treatment Observation Physical Therapy (helps strengthen the muscles around the spine) Brace Surgery Osteoarthritis (arthritis) –Breakdown of cartilage that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in joints –Caused by wear and tear of joints Prevention –Move joints through pain free range of motion daily –Do not overwork sore joints –Weight management Treatment –Exercise (flexibility, strength training, aerobic) –Diet –Medication –Rest

Diseases of the Skeletal System Osteoporosis: –Thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time –Occurs when body fails to make enough new bone or old bone is reabsorbed through the body –Most common bone disease (estimated 10 million Americans) Help prevent by –Calcium –Over 50 years old (especially females) should take extra vitamins to help prevent

Caring for our bones CALCIUM –Found in dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt –Green vegetables –Avoid excess protein and sodium (salt) EXERCISE –Weight bearing and aerobic –Change up the exercise so your body does not get into a routine BRUSH YOUR TEETH BE CAREFUL –The more risks you take and the more damage you do to your bones, the weaker they will become as you get older

The Real Deal on Cracking Your Knuckles What's really happening when you "crack" your knuckles is that you are either pushing the joint back into or out of its normal position. Joints are the meeting points of two separate bones which are held together by connecting tissues and ligaments. A thick, clear lubricant (made mostly of carbon dioxide and some nitrogen) called synovial fluid is found between the bones. When you stretch or pull your finger to get that desired popping noise, you are causing the bones to pull apart. Pressure is reduced on the synovial fluid and bubbles form that quickly expand and then burst - which is why you get that noise.