Integumentary System

Functions of Integumentary System Integumentary System 4 Main Functions Contains skin, hair, and nails 1. Protection Keeps water in Keeps foreign particles out 2. Nerve endings sense environment 3. Regulate body temperature 4. Rids of waste chemicals

Layers of Skin Epidermis Dermis Outermost layer Most cells are dead Thicker layer Below Epidermis

Hair Follicle Hair Nail Root Nail Tiny sac where hair grows Protects from UV light Helps regulate body temperature Base of nail where growth occurs Protects tips of fingers and toes

Skin Injuries Skin is often damaged Can repair itself Damage to skin’s DNA can cause skin cancer

Muscular System

Types of Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle Involuntary Found in digestive system Involuntary Found in heart Voluntary or involuntary Attached to bones Used for movement

Movement Tendons Flexor Extensor Tough connective tissue Connects skeletal muscle to bones Muscle that bends part of your body Straightens part of your body

Muscle Injury Strain Tendonitis Anabolic Steroids Muscle or tendon is overstretched Swollen tendons Can happen in people who exercise too much Increases muscle strength Causes long-term health problems

Skeletal System

Compact Bone Spongy Bone Marrow Made from bones, cartilage, and connective tissue No visible open spaces Many open spaces Soft tissue found inside bones

Cartilage 4 Main functions of Skeletal System Flexible tissue Support Most replaced by bone as organism grows 1. Protection 2. Storage 3. Movement 4. Blood Cell Formation

Protection Storage Movement Blood cell Formation Ribs protect heart and lungs Skull protects brain Vertebrate protects spinal cord Bones store minerals for nerves and muscles Long bones store fat to use for energy Allows you to sit, stand and walk Marrow in bones makes blood cells

Joints Joint Ligament 3 Types of Joints Place where two or more bones meet Holds together bones and joints 1. Gliding Joint 2. Ball-and-Socket Joint 3. Hinge Joint

Bone Injuries Fracture Crack in the bone Break Bone is detached at some place

Bone Diseases Arthritis Osteoporosis Causes joints to swell or stiffen Causes bones to lose density