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Chapter Presentation Transparencies Image and Math Focus Bank Bellringers Standardized Test Prep Visual Concepts Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter menu Resources

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Body Organization and Structure Table of Contents Section 1 Body Organization Section 2 The Skeletal System Section 3 The Muscular System Section 4 The Integumentary System Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Body Organization Bellringer Match the body system in the first column with the correct function in the second column: 1. respiratory system a. regulates body functions 2. muscular system b. breaks down food 3. digestive system c. pumps blood 4. circulatory system d. absorbs oxygen 5. endocrine system e. moves bones Record your answers in your science journal. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Body Organization Objectives Describe how cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems are related. List 11 organ systems. Identify how organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Body Organization Cells, Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems The many kinds of cells in your body help your internal environment stay stable. The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment is called homeostasis. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Body Organization Cells, Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems, continued Cells Form Tissues A group of similar cells working together forms a tissue. Your body has four main kinds of tissue. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Body Organization Cells, Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems, continued Tissues Form Organs Two or more tissues working together to carry out a specialized function form an organ. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Body Organization How Organ Systems Work Together Organs Form Systems Organs that work together make up an organ system. Organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis. Your body has 11 major organ systems. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Body Organization Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 The Skeletal System Bellringer Brainstorm some problems you would have if you lacked bones. Do you know any kinds of animals that don’t have bones? Do you know of any animals that wear their “skeletons” on the outside of their bodies? Record your answer in your science journal. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 The Skeletal System Objectives Identify the major organs of the skeletal system. Describe four functions of the skeletal system. Describe how bones grow and are repaired. Describe three joints. List three injuries and two diseases that affect bones and joints. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 The Skeletal System Bones Bones, cartilage, and the connective tissue that holds bonds together make up your skeletal system. Bone Structure Bone tissue without any visible open spaces is called compact bone. Bone tissue that has many open spaces is called spongy bone. Bones contain a soft tissue called marrow. Bone Growth Most bones start out as a flexible tissue called cartilage. As you grow, most cartilage is replaced by bone. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 The Skeletal System Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 The Skeletal System Joints A place where two or more bones meet is called a joint. Joints are held together by ligaments. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 The Skeletal System Chapter 5 Skeletal System Injuries and Diseases Bones may be fractured or broken. Ligaments can be stretched too far or torn. Arthritis is a disease that causes the joints to swell or stiffen. Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to become less dense.

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Bellringer List five body parts that you use when you drink a glass of water. Do you use any of those same body parts when you eat an apple? Do you use any of those same body parts when you pick up a heavy box? Record your response in your science journal. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Objectives List the function of three kinds of muscle tissue in the muscular system. Describe how skeletal muscles move bones. Compare aerobic exercise with resistance exercise. Describe two muscular system injuries. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Kinds of Muscle The muscular system is made up of the muscles that let you move. Involuntary muscle found in the digestive tract and the walls of the blood vessels is called smooth muscle. Involuntary muscle found in your heart is called cardiac muscle. Muscle attached to your skeleton for movement is called skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle can be voluntary or involuntary. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Movement Muscles Attach to Bones Tendons are strands of tough connective tissue that connect your skeletal muscles to your bones. Muscles Work in Pairs Skeletal muscles often work in pairs. A muscle that bends part of your body is called a flexor. A muscle that straightens part of your body is an extensor. Chapter 5 Section 3 The Muscular System Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 3 The Muscular System

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Muscular Movement and Bones Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Use It or Lose It Resistance Exercise During resistance exercise, people work against the resistance, or weight, of an object to strengthen their skeletal muscles. Aerobic Exercise Steady, moderately intense activity is called aerobic exercise, which strengthens the heart and increases endurance. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Muscle Injury A strain is an injury in which a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn. People who exercise too much can hurt their tendons. Inflammation of a tendon is called tendinitis. Some people try to make their muscles stronger by taking drugs. These drugs are called anabolic steroids and can cause long-term health problems. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Bellringer List at least three situations in which dogs pant. How do humans respond to those same situations? Why do you think dogs pant? Do you know of any other animals that pant? Write your responses in your science journal. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Objectives List four functions of the integumentary system. Describe how skin grows and the two layers of skin. Describe the structure and function of hair and nails. Describe how damaged skin heals. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Vocabulary Games

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Functions of Skin Your skin, hair, and nails make up your integumentary system. Skin protects you by keeping water in your body and foreign particles out of your body. Nerve endings in your skin let you feel things around you. Skin helps regulate your body temperature. Skin also helps get rid of waste chemicals. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Layers of Skin Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin. Most cells in the epidermis are dead. Dermis The thicker layer of skin that lies beneath the epidermis is the dermis. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 4 The Integumentary System Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Hair and Nails A hair forms at the bottom of a tiny sac called a hair follicle. Hair helps protect skin from ultraviolet light and helps regulate body temperature in most mammals. A nail grows from living cells in the nail root at the base of the nail. Nails protect the tips of your fingers and toes. Chapter 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Chapter 5 Skin Injuries Skin is often damaged, but fortunately can repair itself. However, damage to the genetic material in skin cells can cause skin cancer.

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Body Organization and Structure Concept Mapping Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. Chapter 5 connective nervous homeostasis organs epithelial tissues organ systems cells

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Body Organization and Structure Concept Mapping, continued

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Body Organization and Structure Concept Mapping, continued

End of Chapter 5 Show Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu FCAT For the following questions, write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation 1. Cells with the same function form tissues in the body. Tissues work together to form the body’s organs. There are four kinds of tissues in the body. What kind of tissue forms most of the brain? A.Muscle tissue B.Nervous tissue C.Epithelial tissue D.Connective tissue

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation 1. Cells with the same function form tissues in the body. Tissues work together to form the body’s organs. There are four kinds of tissues in the body. What kind of tissue forms most of the brain? A.Muscle tissue B.Nervous tissue C.Epithelial tissue D.Connective tissue

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Fair-skinned people are more likely to develop skin cancer than dark-skinned people. That is because fair skin is more vulnerable to the ultraviolet rays of the sun. What component of a skin cell is responsible for blocking ultraviolet rays? F.collagen G.dermis H.epidermis I.melanin Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. Fair-skinned people are more likely to develop skin cancer than dark-skinned people. That is because fair skin is more vulnerable to the ultraviolet rays of the sun. What component of a skin cell is responsible for blocking ultraviolet rays? F.collagen G.dermis H.epidermis I.melanin Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Donna has cut her finger. A scab has formed over the cut. When her scab falls off the skin below it is healed. How did the new skin form? A.through cell division B.from collagen proteins C.from bacteria-fighting cells D.through keratin production Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Donna has cut her finger. A scab has formed over the cut. When her scab falls off the skin below it is healed. How did the new skin form? A.through cell division B.from collagen proteins C.from bacteria-fighting cells D.through keratin production Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 4. Tyrone was running down the hallway and did not see the open door in front of him. He stubbed his toes badly enough to bleed. He also bruised his knee. Many of his 11 major organ systems were directly involved in his injury. Briefly explain what happened to his integumentary system and cardiovascular system. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 4. Tyrone was running down the hallway and did not see the open door in front of him. He stubbed his toes badly enough to bleed. He also bruised his knee. Many of his 11 major organ systems were directly involved in his injury. Briefly explain what happened to his integumentary system and cardiovascular system. Tyrone’s toes bled because the skin, (which is a part of his integumentary system) and the blood vessels (which are a part of his cardiovascular system) in his toes were damaged and broken. Tyrone’s knee bruised because blood vessels in his knee were also damaged and broken, which allowed blood to flow into the surrounding tissue under the skin. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 5. Jaya was playing basketball with her little brother Arun. Arun tried to score but the basketball bounced off the rim, straight towards Jaya. She immediately moved out of the way. Why is it important that Jaya had the ability to change her behavior according to what was happening? F.So that she could catch the ball. G.So that she could test her reflexes. H.So that she could avoid getting hurt. I.So that she could chase Arun more quickly. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 5. Jaya was playing basketball with her little brother Arun. Arun tried to score but the basketball bounced off the rim, straight towards Jaya. She immediately moved out of the way. Why is it important that Jaya had the ability to change her behavior according to what was happening? F.So that she could catch the ball. G.So that she could test her reflexes. H.So that she could avoid getting hurt. I.So that she could chase Arun more quickly. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 6. The body has many ways of maintaining a stable body temperature. For example, when it is cold, Jamal begins to shiver and the hair on his arms and legs stands up straight to help him keep warm. Continued on the next slide Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 6. What happens within the skin to make the hair stand up? A.The oil glands release oil. B.The muscle fibers contract. C.The blood vessels constrict. D.The nerve fibers fire very quickly. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 6. What happens within the skin to make the hair stand up? A.The oil glands release oil. B.The muscle fibers contract. C.The blood vessels constrict. D.The nerve fibers fire very quickly. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 7. This picture shows where the bones of a child’s cranium have grown together. This area is called a growth plate. Earlier, this area was made up of tissues that are more flexible than bone. These tissues hold a place for bones to grow as the child matures. Continued on the next slide Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 7. What changes occurred as these bones joined together? F.Bone cells replaced cartilage. G.Bone cells grew in the marrow. H.Bone cells formed a gliding joint. I.Bone cells developed into muscle tissue. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 7. What changes occurred as these bones joined together? F.Bone cells replaced cartilage. G.Bone cells grew in the marrow. H.Bone cells formed a gliding joint. I.Bone cells developed into muscle tissue. Chapter 5 Standardized Test Preparation

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 1 Body Organization

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 1 Body Organization

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 2 The Skeletal System

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 5 Section 4 The Integumentary System