Friday 10/21/11 RAP Please take about 5 minutes to describe life in Europe during the early Medieval Ages. (structure, Church, Kings, homes, etc.) Today Medieval Europe cont. Medieval Europe cont. Open your textbook to page Open your textbook to page Read the Storyteller– at look at the fresco on page 137. Read the Storyteller– at look at the fresco on page 137. Crusade PPT notes Crusade PPT notes Read “A New Europe” and take notes on work sheet. Read “A New Europe” and take notes on work sheet.

CRUSADES Chapter 4 section 2 Pages

The Crusades The Crusades -series of eight Christian military expeditions from Europe. The Crusades -series of eight Christian military expeditions from Europe. Dates: Dates: Crusader: To take up the cross Crusader: To take up the cross Motivation: to recapture the Holy land from the Muslims Motivation: to recapture the Holy land from the Muslims Palestine (the Holy Land): ancient region of southwest Asia, on east coast of the Mediterranean Palestine (the Holy Land): ancient region of southwest Asia, on east coast of the Mediterranean

Holy Land Christians- site of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection. Home to original cross and stone of Christ’s tomb. Site of sacred Church of the Holy Sepulcher. Holds variety of Christian shrines. Christians- site of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection. Home to original cross and stone of Christ’s tomb. Site of sacred Church of the Holy Sepulcher. Holds variety of Christian shrines. Jews- Torah establishes claim to Holy Land. Believe Holy land gift from God to Abraham and lot. King David brought ark containing original Torah here. Site of King Solomon’s temple Jews- Torah establishes claim to Holy Land. Believe Holy land gift from God to Abraham and lot. King David brought ark containing original Torah here. Site of King Solomon’s temple Muslims-Qur’an establishes claim that both Jews and Arabs are people of Abraham. Believe God’s gift of Holy land to Abraham meant for Arabs (first Muslims), too. Site of Muhammad’s ascension into heaven. Muslims-Qur’an establishes claim that both Jews and Arabs are people of Abraham. Believe God’s gift of Holy land to Abraham meant for Arabs (first Muslims), too. Site of Muhammad’s ascension into heaven.

First Crusade-A.D.1096 Three armies of Crusader Knights and volunteers traveled from western Europe to the eastern Mediterranean. Three armies of Crusader Knights and volunteers traveled from western Europe to the eastern Mediterranean. Many killed Jews and sometimes massacred entire Jewish communities. Many killed Jews and sometimes massacred entire Jewish communities. This marked the long period of Christian persecution of Jews. This marked the long period of Christian persecution of Jews.

First Crusade The three armies met in Constantinople in A.D The three armies met in Constantinople in A.D In A.D. 1099, the 3 armies finally made it to the holy city, after a rough trek through the desert. In A.D. 1099, the 3 armies finally made it to the holy city, after a rough trek through the desert. After a two month siege, Jerusalem finally fell. After a two month siege, Jerusalem finally fell. Crusaders killed most of its Muslim and Jewish inhabitants. Crusaders killed most of its Muslim and Jewish inhabitants. Some stayed to set up feudal states in Palestine, but many knights returned home. Some stayed to set up feudal states in Palestine, but many knights returned home.

Third Crusade Muslim forces- were united and took Jerusalem in A.D Muslim forces- were united and took Jerusalem in A.D This crusade lasted from , and was not successful. This crusade lasted from , and was not successful. Although King Richard, of England, was able to win many battles, he was never able to regain Jerusalem. Although King Richard, of England, was able to win many battles, he was never able to regain Jerusalem. Results- Results- Peace treaty of Crusaders to keep control of cities north of Jaffa. Pilgrims free to visit holy places of Jerusalem.

Fourth Crusade: A.D Despite Pope’s opposition, crusaders attacked Zara, a Catholic Hungarian city. Despite Pope’s opposition, crusaders attacked Zara, a Catholic Hungarian city. Crusaders then sacked the Byzantine city of Constantinople. Crusaders then sacked the Byzantine city of Constantinople. Muslim quarter and Christians were attacked. Muslim quarter and Christians were attacked. Results: Results: When Greeks regained the city of Constantinople in A.D. 1261, it was in ruins. Permanent split between Latin and Greek Christian churches.

Children’s Crusade Children and shepherds, laborers, wanderers, and adults. Children and shepherds, laborers, wanderers, and adults. All believed divine would help them defeat the Muslims. All believed divine would help them defeat the Muslims. Philip II of France demanded children return home. Philip II of France demanded children return home. Results: Results: Crusade fell apart when children reached Genoa, Italy Some children died while attempting to sail to Holy Land Many children sold to Muslim slave markets Church claimed tragic fate of children crusaders was work of the devil.

Impact of the Crusades Christians- Christians- exposure to Muslim culture. exposure to Muslim culture. Feudal structure weakened. Feudal structure weakened. Increased use of money Increased use of money Kept control of the Mediterranean Kept control of the Mediterranean Greek and Latin churches permanently split Greek and Latin churches permanently split Failure of crusades produced bitter feelings towards Muslims. Failure of crusades produced bitter feelings towards Muslims. Exchange of Goods Exchange of Goods Exchange of languages Chess traveled to Europe through Muslims Paper introduced to Europe through Muslims Muslim arch used in European cathedrals Textile industries adapted by Muslims

Impact of Crusades On Exchange of Ideas On Exchange of Ideas Muslims adapted European military tactics Muslims adapted European military tactics Muslim scholarship circulated throughout European universities as Arabic works were translated into Latin. Muslim scholarship circulated throughout European universities as Arabic works were translated into Latin. On Muslims On Muslims Controlled most of Asia Minor but lost Spain. Political fragmentation of Muslim world after Saladin’s death Generally respected Christians as “People of the Book.”

“A New Europe” Please begin reading “A New Europe” on page 144. Please begin reading “A New Europe” on page 144. As you read please take notes and answer the questions on your handout. As you read please take notes and answer the questions on your handout. We will have a little time on Monday to finish, but you should be more than half way thru your reading and notes. We will have a little time on Monday to finish, but you should be more than half way thru your reading and notes.