Focus Calendar: Weeks 1-4 Synonym and Antonym FCAT Testing Cluster 1 Strand A LA.A.1.2.3: Grades 3, 4, and 5 Standard 1 – The student uses the reading process effectively. smallbig enormous

High vocabulary people not only know more words, they know more about the words they know. Beck, McKeown, & Kucan

Clarifying the FCAT Benchmarks Grade K, 1, and 2 Benchmark- LA.A The student uses knowledge of appropriate garde-, age-, and developmental-level vocabulary in reading.

Clarifying the FCAT Benchmarks Grade K, 1, and 2 GLE- LA.A K- 1 st 2 nd : knows homophones, synonyms and antonyms for a variety of words. Word Choice

Clarifying the FCAT Benchmarks Grade 3, 4, and 5 Benchmark- LA.A Uses simple strategies to determine meaning and increase vocabulary for reading, including the use of prefixes, suffixes, root words, multiple meanings, antonyms, synonyms, and word relationships.

What Does It Look Like on FCAT? 3 rd Grade Item Type – Multiple Choice Passage Attributes: Passages may be literary text or informational text. Other stimuli could include, but should not be limited to, illustrations graphics, and charts with captions. Passages must contain a word or phrase unfamiliar to most third-grade students, and sufficient context must be present to enable students to infer the meaning of the word or phrase. Passages must contain appropriate words to assess knowledge of prefixes, suffixes, root words, multiplemeanings, antonyms, synonyms, homophones, compound words,and contractions.

What Does It Look Like on FCAT? 3 rd Grade Item Type – Multiple Choice Response Attributes: Items assessing antonyms should not include synonyms as distractors; similarly, items assessing synonyms should not include antonyms as distractors. 3rd: Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: incorrect meanings of words or phrases, correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix), incorrect interpretations of contractions.

What Does It Look Like on FCAT? 4 th Grade Item Type – Multiple Choice Passage Attributes: Passages may be literary text or informational text. Other stimuli could include, but should not be limited to, illustrations graphics, and charts with captions. Passages must contain a word or phrase unfamiliar to most fourth-grade students, and sufficient context must be present to enable students to infer the meaning of the word or phrase. Passages must contain appropriate words to assess knowledge of prefixes, suffixes, root words, multiple meanings, antonyms, synonyms, homophones.

What Does It Look Like on FCAT? 4 th Grade Item Type – Multiple Choice Response Attributes: Items assessing antonyms should not include synonyms as distractors; similarly, items assessing synonyms should not include antonyms as distractors. 4th: Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: incorrect meanings of words or phrases, correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix).

What Does It Look Like on FCAT? 5 th Grade Item Type – Multiple Choice Passage Attributes: Passages may be literary text or informational text. Other stimuli could include, but should not be limited to, illustrations graphics, and charts with captions. Passages must contain a word or phrase unfamiliar to most fifth- grade students, and sufficient context must be present to enable students to infer the meaning of the word or phrase. Passages must contain appropriate words to assess knowledge of prefixes, suffixes, root words, multiple meanings, antonyms, synonyms, homonyms, homophones, and word orgins.

What Does It Look Like on FCAT? 5 th Grade Item Type – Multiple Choice Response Attributes: Items assessing antonyms should not include synonyms as distractors; similarly, items assessing synonyms should not include antonyms as distractors. 5th: Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: incorrect meanings of words or phrases, correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix), plausible but incorrect responses based on the text.

Key Question Phrases The word ____ probably means… ___ is a kind of _____ ___is a synonym for… ___means the opposite of…

Sample Question Which words from the story have almost the same meaning? A. complained, wondered B. passed, waited C. puffed, popped D. watched, looked

Strategies for Teaching Synonyms and Antonyms Venn Diagram hot cold freezing chilly icy frigid frosty sultry burning scourging stifling boiling sizzling

Strategies for Teaching Synonyms and Antonyms Semantic Map cold frigid frosty icy freezing chilly glacial reserved aloof

Strategies for Teaching Synonyms and Antonyms Semantic Map cold frigid frosty Synonyms freezing Antonyms sizzling hot sultry People who do this or who are this SandyDana

Strategies for Teaching Synonyms and Antonyms Word Sorts coldchilly sultry sizzling burning frosty Hot Cold cold sultry

Substitute a Synonym Substitute a synonym is a strategy that will help you figure out words you don’t know. A snowy owl named Hedwig delivers Harry Potter’s mail.

1.Mine your memory and try to think of the word. Have you seen it in a book or heard the word before? 2.Try to picture the word in the sentence. Imagine Hedwig flying into the room and dropping an envelope in Harry’s hands. 3.Think of other words that mean the same thing. (delivers: gives, brings) 4.Substitute a synonym in the sentence. A snowy owl named Hedwig brings Harry Potter’s mail. 5.Check! Does the synonym make sense in the sentence? If it makes sense, you can continue reading. If not, try again. Yes, the synonym makes sense.

Sophisticated Synonyms Complete the sentences by choosing the correct word from the following : clothes costume dress uniforms outfit garment garb The soldiers were wearing old khaki ___ covered with dust. At the New Year’s Eve party, Chris won the first prize for best ___. Clarissa looked nice in her pretty summer ___.

Alphabet-Antonyms Table Antonyms Target Words succeed allow remember whole back 1.The teacher selects words beginning with the same letter. 2.She prepares a two-column table,with the antonyms of the target words listed in the first column. 3.Students complete the table, in groups or individually, knowing only that the word in the second column begin with the same letter. 4.After a 5-minute period, students may use a thesaurus, a synonym dictionary, or other resource. 5.Students share their tables and display a completed table for reference.

Alphabet-Antonyms Table Antonyms Target Words succeed allow remember whole back fail forbid forget fraction front

Caption describing picture or graphic. INSTRUCTIONAL FOCUS AREA for weeks 1-4 Synonym and antonym LA.A Response Attributes: Items assessing antonyms should not include synonyms as distractors; similarly, items assessing synonyms should not include antonyms as distractors. 3 rd : Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: *incorrect meanings of words or phrases, *correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, *words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix), *incorrect interpretations of contractions. 4 th : Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: *incorrect meanings of words or phrases, *correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, *words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix). 5 th : Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: *incorrect meanings of words or phrases, *correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, *words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix), *plausible but incorrect responses based on the text. Key Words:  The word ____ probably means…  ___ is a kind of _____  ___is a synonym for…  ___means the opposite of… Item Type: Multiple Choice Sample: Which words from the story have almost the same meaning? A. complained, wondered B. passed, waited C. puffed, popped D. watched, looked Important Vocabulary and Definitions Synonym Definition: a word that mean the same or almost the same as another word. May be presented as an appositive (eg. The tiara, a crown, was worn proudly by the princess). Follows a comma, a dash, or such words as or, is called, that is, and in other words. Key Question: What is another word for this? Graphic Organizer: Continuum Key Word: designate choose select pinpoint designate assign Antonym Definition: a word that means the opposite of another word. Types of Antonyms: Polor Antonyms: are categorical and allow no intermediate terms.  Contradictories: are mutually exclusive (husband/wife).  Reciprocals: one word reverses or undoes the meaning of the other (buy/sell).  Scalar Antonyms (Contraries): allow gradations between extremes (big/small: gigantic, big, large, small, tiny). Key Question: What word is the opposite of this? Graphic Organizer: Web The Benchmarks:  Uses simple strategies to determine meaning and increase vocabulary for reading, including the use of prefixes, suffixes, root words, multiple meanings, antonyms, synonyms, and word relationships. (LA.A Grades 3-5) TTT (Test Taking Tips) Teaching Support  FCRR Student Center Activities  Go to the Vocabulary heading  Click on Part One– Word Knowledge Center 1 - Scroll to V.002 Synonym Dominoes Center 2— Scroll to V.003 Opposites Attract Center 3— Scroll to V.004 Synonym – Antonym Connections  Click on Part Three– Word Meaning Center 1— Scroll to V.016 Oh My Word! Center 2– Scroll to V.019 Word Web tCenterActivities23.htm  Interactive Resource for Teachers and Students  us/sites/elementary/palmas ola/ps4glesyn.htm  tactivities/sameDiff/samedi ff.html  oxford.com/phonics/antony ms/antonyms.htm  Lesson Plans  k.org/lessons/lesson_view. asp?id=868  ge.com/LASynonymFlysw atterGame34.htm  ge.com/LAKidsJustWantT oHaveFunWithSynonyms4.htm Vocabulary Word AntonymSynonym People who do this or are this Caption describing picture or graphic. INSTRUCTIONAL FOCUS AREA for weeks 1-4 Synonym and antonym LA.A Response Attributes: Items assessing antonyms should not include synonyms as distractors; similarly, items assessing synonyms should not include antonyms as distractors. 3 rd : Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: *incorrect meanings of words or phrases, *correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, *words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix), *incorrect interpretations of contractions. 4 th : Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: *incorrect meanings of words or phrases, *correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, *words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix). 5 th : Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: *incorrect meanings of words or phrases, *correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, *words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix), *plausible but incorrect responses based on the text. Key Words:  The word ____ probably means…  ___ is a kind of _____  ___is a synonym for…  ___means the opposite of… Item Type: Multiple Choice Sample: Which words from the story have almost the same meaning? A. complained, wondered B. passed, waited C. puffed, popped D. watched, looked Important Vocabulary and Definitions Synonym Definition: a word that mean the same or almost the same as another word. May be presented as an appositive (eg. The tiara, a crown, was worn proudly by the princess). Follows a comma, a dash, or such words as or, is called, that is, and in other words. Key Question: What is another word for this? Graphic Organizer: Continuum Key Word: designate choose select pinpoint designate assign Antonym Definition: a word that means the opposite of another word. Types of Antonyms: Polor Antonyms: are categorical and allow no intermediate terms.  Contradictories: are mutually exclusive (husband/wife).  Reciprocals: one word reverses or undoes the meaning of the other (buy/sell).  Scalar Antonyms (Contraries): allow gradations between extremes (big/small: gigantic, big, large, small, tiny). Key Question: What word is the opposite of this? Graphic Organizer: Web The Benchmarks:  Uses simple strategies to determine meaning and increase vocabulary for reading, including the use of prefixes, suffixes, root words, multiple meanings, antonyms, synonyms, and word relationships. (LA.A Grades 3-5) TTT (Test Taking Tips) Teaching Support  FCRR Student Center Activities  Go to the Vocabulary heading  Click on Part One– Word Knowledge Center 1 - Scroll to V.002 Synonym Dominoes Center 2— Scroll to V.003 Opposites Attract Center 3— Scroll to V.004 Synonym – Antonym Connections  Click on Part Three– Word Meaning Center 1— Scroll to V.016 Oh My Word! Center 2– Scroll to V.019 Word Web tCenterActivities23.htm  Interactive Resource for Teachers and Students  us/sites/elementary/palmas ola/ps4glesyn.htm  tactivities/sameDiff/samedi ff.html  oxford.com/phonics/antony ms/antonyms.htm  Lesson Plans  k.org/lessons/lesson_view. asp?id=868  ge.com/LASynonymFlysw atterGame34.htm  ge.com/LAKidsJustWantT oHaveFunWithSynonyms4.htm Vocabulary Word AntonymSynonym People who do this or are this Caption describing picture or graphic. INSTRUCTIONAL FOCUS AREA for weeks 1-4 Synonym and antonym LA.A Response Attributes: Items assessing antonyms should not include synonyms as distractors; similarly, items assessing synonyms should not include antonyms as distractors. 3 rd : Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: *incorrect meanings of words or phrases, *correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, *words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix), *incorrect interpretations of contractions. 4 th : Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: *incorrect meanings of words or phrases, *correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, *words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix). 5 th : Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: *incorrect meanings of words or phrases, *correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, *words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix), *plausible but incorrect responses based on the text. Key Words:  The word ____ probably means…  ___ is a kind of _____  ___is a synonym for…  ___means the opposite of… Item Type: Multiple Choice Sample: Which words from the story have almost the same meaning? A. complained, wondered B. passed, waited C. puffed, popped D. watched, looked Important Vocabulary and Definitions Synonym Definition: a word that mean the same or almost the same as another word. May be presented as an appositive (eg. The tiara, a crown, was worn proudly by the princess). Follows a comma, a dash, or such words as or, is called, that is, and in other words. Key Question: What is another word for this? Graphic Organizer: Continuum Key Word: designate choose select pinpoint designate assign Antonym Definition: a word that means the opposite of another word. Types of Antonyms: Polor Antonyms: are categorical and allow no intermediate terms.  Contradictories: are mutually exclusive (husband/wife).  Reciprocals: one word reverses or undoes the meaning of the other (buy/sell).  Scalar Antonyms (Contraries): allow gradations between extremes (big/small: gigantic, big, large, small, tiny). Key Question: What word is the opposite of this? Graphic Organizer: Web The Benchmarks:  Uses simple strategies to determine meaning and increase vocabulary for reading, including the use of prefixes, suffixes, root words, multiple meanings, antonyms, synonyms, and word relationships. (LA.A Grades 3-5) TTT (Test Taking Tips) Teaching Support  FCRR Student Center Activities  Go to the Vocabulary heading  Click on Part One– Word Knowledge Center 1 - Scroll to V.002 Synonym Dominoes Center 2— Scroll to V.003 Opposites Attract Center 3— Scroll to V.004 Synonym – Antonym Connections  Click on Part Three– Word Meaning Center 1— Scroll to V.016 Oh My Word! Center 2– Scroll to V.019 Word Web tCenterActivities23.htm  Interactive Resource for Teachers and Students  us/sites/elementary/palmas ola/ps4glesyn.htm  tactivities/sameDiff/samedi ff.html  oxford.com/phonics/antony ms/antonyms.htm  Lesson Plans  k.org/lessons/lesson_view. asp?id=868  ge.com/LASynonymFlysw atterGame34.htm  ge.com/LAKidsJustWantT oHaveFunWithSynonyms4.htm Vocabulary Word AntonymSynonym People who do this or are this Caption describing picture or graphic. INSTRUCTIONAL FOCUS AREA for weeks 1-4 Synonym and antonym LA.A Response Attributes: Items assessing antonyms should not include synonyms as distractors; similarly, items assessing synonyms should not include antonyms as distractors. 3 rd : Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: *incorrect meanings of words or phrases, *correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, *words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix), *incorrect interpretations of contractions. 4 th : Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: *incorrect meanings of words or phrases, *correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, *words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix). 5 th : Distractors may include, but are not limited to, the following: *incorrect meanings of words or phrases, *correct meanings of words or phrases that do not fit the context, *words with construct similar to correct response (e.g. same prefix), *plausible but incorrect responses based on the text. Key Words:  The word ____ probably means…  ___ is a kind of _____  ___is a synonym for…  ___means the opposite of… Item Type: Multiple Choice Sample: Which words from the story have almost the same meaning? A. complained, wondered B. passed, waited C. puffed, popped D. watched, looked Important Vocabulary and Definitions Synonym Definition: a word that mean the same or almost the same as another word. May be presented as an appositive (eg. The tiara, a crown, was worn proudly by the princess). Follows a comma, a dash, or such words as or, is called, that is, and in other words. Key Question: What is another word for this? Graphic Organizer: Continuum Key Word: designate choose select pinpoint designate assign Antonym Definition: a word that means the opposite of another word. Types of Antonyms: Polor Antonyms: are categorical and allow no intermediate terms.  Contradictories: are mutually exclusive (husband/wife).  Reciprocals: one word reverses or undoes the meaning of the other (buy/sell).  Scalar Antonyms (Contraries): allow gradations between extremes (big/small: gigantic, big, large, small, tiny). Key Question: What word is the opposite of this? Graphic Organizer: Web The Benchmarks:  Uses simple strategies to determine meaning and increase vocabulary for reading, including the use of prefixes, suffixes, root words, multiple meanings, antonyms, synonyms, and word relationships. (LA.A Grades 3-5) TTT (Test Taking Tips) Teaching Support  FCRR Student Center Activities  Go to the Vocabulary heading  Click on Part One– Word Knowledge Center 1 - Scroll to V.002 Synonym Dominoes Center 2— Scroll to V.003 Opposites Attract Center 3— Scroll to V.004 Synonym – Antonym Connections  Click on Part Three– Word Meaning Center 1— Scroll to V.016 Oh My Word! Center 2– Scroll to V.019 Word Web tCenterActivities23.htm  Interactive Resource for Teachers and Students  us/sites/elementary/palmas ola/ps4glesyn.htm  tactivities/sameDiff/samedi ff.html  oxford.com/phonics/antony ms/antonyms.htm  Lesson Plans  k.org/lessons/lesson_view. asp?id=868  ge.com/LASynonymFlysw atterGame34.htm  ge.com/LAKidsJustWantT oHaveFunWithSynonyms4.htm Vocabulary Word AntonymSynonym People who do this or are this

Time for reading. Use of varied, rich text. Opportunities for students to hear or use words in natural sentence contexts. Use of concrete contexts when possible (pictures, artifacts). Opportunities for students to use words in meaningful ways. Increase Developing Effective Practices in Vocabulary Instruction

Opportunities for students to connect new words/concepts to those already known. Study of concepts rather than single, unrelated words. Explicit concept instruction and incidental encounters with words. Teaching strategies leading to independent word learning. Finding the word or concept that will have the biggest impact on comprehension rather than “covering” many words superficially. (Tier 2 Words) Opportunities for inference. Developing Effective Practices in Vocabulary Instruction Increase

Looking up definitions as a single source of word knowledge. Asking students to write sentences for new words before they’ve studied the word in depth. Notion that all words in a text need to be defined for comprehension. Using context as a highly reliable tool for increasing comprehension. Assessments that ask students for single definitions. Developing Effective Practices in Vocabulary Instruction Decrease