Other Muslim Empires World History October 29, 2013

Muslims in India ✻ Conquered India o Previously predominantly Hindu & Buddhist Created the Delhi Sultanate – Sultanate = land ruled by a sultan ✻ Muslims and Hindus o At first people were persecuted for not converting o Soon the relations became more peaceful Hindus were polytheistic – Worshipped idols and representations of Gods ✻ Mughal India o When India was ruled by Mongols Led by Babur – Mongol leader

“The Age of Gunpowder Empires” ✻ Muslims ruled India in the west o Known as Mughal India ✻ The Ottomans and Safavids ruled in the Middle East and parts of Eastern Europe ✻ All 3 Empires heavily relied on new weapons o Cannons allowed them to tear down other cities o Muskets gave them power over powerful foot soldiers ✻ New technologies allowed the Ottomans and Safavids to create strong central governments

The Ottoman Empire ✻ Originated as a Turkish-speaking nomadic tribe who migrated from Central Asia o Settled and established a capital in the Balkan Peninsula ✻ As the Ottomans expanded they threatened the crumbling Byzantine Empire o After many failed attempts, the Ottomans captured Constantinople ✻ Ottoman Golden Age under sultan “Suleiman the Magnificent” o Modernized the army o Conquered lands expanding the empire o He led them to the largest and most powerful empire in the world at that time Controlled the lands of Mecca and Medina – Suleiman gave himself the nickname “Protector of the Sacred Places”

Ottoman Culture ✻ The Ottoman government was run by a large and capable council o Law was based on the Sharia Sunni Muslims ✻ Ottomans divided their subjects into four social classes: o “Men of Pen” o “Men of the Sword” o “Men of Negotiation” o “Men of Husbandry” ✻ Ottomans allowed non-Muslims to live amongst them o Organized into millets ✻ Maintained a strong military o Children trained from an early age ✻ As their culture flourished, they made many advancements in the arts

The Safavid Empire ✻ By the early 1500s the Safavid dynasty had united an empire in Persia o They engaged in frequent warfare with Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire Shiite Muslim ✻ Abbas the Great – the shah or king o Centralized the government o Created a powerful military o Created alliances with European states Valued non-Muslims ✻ Built a new capital, Isfahan o Center of international silk trade o Allowed culture to flourish

The Decline ✻ The Ottoman Empire began to crumble in the 1700s o Advancements slowed and others continued to grow o Invaders began to chip away at their borders ✻ The Safavid glory faded after the death of Shah Abbas o Sunni Muslims revolted and the Shah lost power o A new dynasty, the Qajars won control of their lands ending their rule ✻ By 1500 Islam had become the dominant faith across a large part of the word from West Africa to Southeast Asia