1 Lecture 8: Environmental Emissions Eric Loth For AE 440 A/C Lecture Sept 2009

2 Some Emissions Responsibilities a.Identify emission sources (acoustical, chemical and particulate) for flight & operations b.Develop concepts to reduce emissions c.Develop quantitative analysis for sources d.Develop schemes to quantitatively minimize emissions (AE 441)

3 Acoustic Emissions Reference: Aeroacoustics of Flight Vehicles, Vol. 1 and 2, 1995, H.H. Hubbard (on reserve)

4 Prop Engines

5 Turbo-Fan and Airframe Noise

6 Time vs. Spectra & A-Weighted Spectra

7 Cabin Treatment (Near-field)

8 Flyover Footprint (Far-Field)

9 Suggestions for Noise Emissions for CDR Review FAA Limits and determine Team Design noise constraints Examine noise levels of various engines (impacts Propulsion choice) Examine noise levels of various airframes (impacts Aerodynamics choice) Consider noise mitigation strategies Investigate techniques to quantify noise levels

10 Particulate and Chemical Emissions from Aircraft Engines

11 Particulate Emissions

12 Particulate Impact on Health

13 Particulate Flux by Engine

14 Particulate Flux by Aircraft

15 Particulate Flux by Fuel

16 Suggestions for Chemical and Particulate Emissions Review FAA Limits and determine Team design emission constraints Examine emissions of various fuels and engines (impacts Propulsion choice) Consider mitigation strategies for soot and chemical species Investigate techniques to quantify chemical and particulate emissions