“Sex, Lies, and Conversation” In this essay, what is the thesis and how is it introduced? What evidence does Tannen use to support her thesis? In general, what is being contrasted? What contrast patterns are used? What gives women the impression that men aren’t listening? How is the problem solved? How effective is the conclusion?

Semicolons Stronger Punctuation than Comma Almost like a Period, but Not Used at End of Sentence Used between Independent Clauses Used between Items in Series to Avoid Confusion Writer, p. 189-192.

Semicolons in Compound Sentences Semicolon to Join Independent Clauses Not Joined by Coordinating Conjunction He often watched TV reruns; she preferred to read instead. He often watched TV reruns; however, she preferred to read instead. Coordinating Conjunction: Remember “fan boys.” Use just a semicolon or use a transitional phrase. See Writer, p. 1190 for list of transitional words and phrases.

Semicolon in a Series Used for Clarity in Series with Several Commas Among our favorite DVDs to rent were old Cary Grant movies, such as Arsenic and Old Lace; any Woody Allen movies; and children classics, including The Sound of Music, Willy Wonka, and The Wizard of Oz. Used for Clarity in Series with Long Items When planning the bus schedule, they took ito consideration the length of travel time between cities where stops would be made; the number of people likely to get on at each stop; and the times when the bus would arrive at major cities where connections are made. See Writer, p. 191.

Colons to Announce Elements at End of Sentence Use at End of Sentence to Introduce List, Explanation of Sentence, Example The university offer five majors in engineering: mechanical, electrical, civil, industrial, and chemical. After a few weeks of intensive study, ther was only one thing she really wanted: a vacation See Writer, p. 193-196

Colons to Separate Certain Independent Clauses Use Colon to Separate Two Independent Clauses when Second Clause Amplifies or Restates First Some people say that lobbying groups exert too much influence on Congress: they can buy votes as a result of their large contributions to the right senator or representative. See Writer, p. 194.

Colons to Announce Quotations that Follow Independent Clause The head of the company’s research department, Mrs. Cohen, made a surprising announcement: “We recommended budgeting $1 million for the software, but we were turned down. Therefore, w will have to end the project.” The CEO offered an apology to calm her down: “I’m truly sorry that we were unable to fund you project.” Place Colon after Quotation Marks “To err is human; to repeat an error is stupid”: that’s my chemistry teacher’s favorite saying. See Writer, p. 194.

Colons for Other Uses Dear Mayor Daly: -- Salutation in Formal Letter Genesis 1:8 – Scriptural Reference 6:15 a.m. – Time Reference “Jerusalem: A City United” – Between a Title and Subtitle See Writer, p. 195.

Quotation Marks for Direct Quotations Direct Quotations = Exact Words Said or Written Start First Word of Complete Sentence Quotation with Capital Letter Mr. and Mrs. Yoder, owners of a 300-acre farm, said, “We refuse to use that pesticide because it might pollute the nearby wells.” No Capital for Partial Sentence Quotation Mr. and Mrs. Yoder stated that they “refuse to use that pesticide” because of possible water pollution Quotation Within Quotation Use Single Mark The agriculture reporter explained, “When I talked with the Yoders, they said, ‘We refuse to use that pesticide.’” See Writer, p. 197.

Indirect Quotations Indirect Quotations = Not Exact Words Also Called “Rephrasing” or “Paraphrasing” No Quotation Marks Required According to their statement to the local papers, the Yoders will not use the pesticide because od the potential water pollution. Note: Using ellipsis and brockets with quotation marks, see Writer, p. 198.

Quotations for Minor Titles or Parts of Whole Book Chapters Magazine Articles TV Episodes Radio Series Songs Short Stories Essays Poems Any Literature Shorter than a Book See Writer, p. 199.

Quotations for Minor Titles or Parts of Whole Whenever he did hard work in his garden, he’d hum his favorite song, “Ol’ Man River.” Mark Twain’s short story “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” made frog-jumping contests widely popular. No Quotation Marks for Religious Text She wanted to memorize the first 18 chapters of Genesis See Writer, p. 199.

Quotations for Words Irony (when writer means opposite of what’s being said) The three-year-old held up his “work of art” for the teacher to admire. Expression Cited as Expression “Why not?” is a phrase I wish she’d omit from her vocabulary. Words Used as Words The word “accept” is often confused with “except.” Word Definitions Per capita means “for each person.” See Writer, p. 199.

Other Punctuation with Quotation Marks Commas and Periods Always Inside Quotation Marks Colons and Semicolons After the Quotation Mark Dashes, Question Marks, Exclamation Points Inside Quotation Marks When Punctuation is Part of Sentence Outside of Quotation Marks When Marks Apply to Whole Sentence See Writer, p. 200.

Other Punctuation with Quotation Marks “The Politics of Hunger,” discussed the United Nations’ use of military force to help the starving. He said, “I may forget your name, but I never remember a face.” The critic called the movie “a potential Academy Award Winner”; I thought it was a flop. He asked, “Do you need this book?” Does Dr. Lim tell the students, “You must work harder”? See Writer, p. 200.