Warm-Up; Friday, March 9th How could a sandwich be responsible for starting World War I? Answer in 3-4 sentences.

Warm-Up; Friday, March 9th If you go back through history, you find that time and time again the huge changes that shape our world today all hinged on some utterly random coincidence. Change it, and the entire course of history changes with it.

Warm-Up: Friday, March 9th The spark that ignited World War I started with the assassination of an Austrian Archduke named Franz Ferdinand, kicking off a domino effect of events that left millions dead. You may not know, however, that what knocked over that first domino was a sandwich. There was this guy named Gavrilo Princip. He was a Bosnian student and guerrilla, part of a group called the Black Hand. Sounds like the evil organization of images that secretly controls the world, right? Unfortunately, it was something a lot less awesome: a Slavic independence group. They really hated Franz Ferdinand. Let's make sure to clear this up: Gavrilo Princip very much wanted to assassinate Uncle Franz. It was how it happened that was so random

The Black Hand had crafted an intricate assassination plot, which basically consisted of, "just kill this him somehow." Unfortunately, as is always true with intricate assassination plots, something went wrong. When Franz's motorcade passed by the assassins, one of the group, a guy named Nedeljko Cabrinovic, lobbed a grenade at the motorcade. The problem was he was using an unreliable 1914 grenade, so it took 10 seconds to detonate, and by then Franz was out of range. The unlucky fools in the car behind them bit it instead, and the assassins dispersed in the chaos. Cabrinovic took a cyanide pill that failed to kill him and jumped into a three foot river to "drown" himself. Franz and his party, it seemed, were safe. But Franz was not yet done putting his life in insane danger. Against the advice of pretty much everyone, he insisted on going to the hospital to visit the people who were injured by the grenade. The driver, unfortunately, had no idea where the he was going. They ended up crisscrossing hilariously through the streets where, you guessed it, Gavrilo Princip was enjoying a post-failed-assassination Sandwich outside a café on Franz Josef Street.After the obligatory pause of dumbfounded luck, Princip grabbed his pistol and turned the tide of history.

And How Did it Change The World? First, WWI broke out ...

Then there was the post-war economic failure

... Which was part of the reason Germany actually elected

Who caused...

Which ended in

M A N I Causes of World War I - MANIA ilitarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Imperialism: European conquest of Africa

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures Causes of WWI - Militarism Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s (British pounds). 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

Causes of WWI - Alliances Triple Entente: Triple Alliance: Great Britain Germany Austria-Hungary France Russia Italy

Causes of WWI - Nationalism

Causes of WWI - Nationalism Pan-Germanism  - movement to unify the people of all German speaking countries Germanic Countries Austria * Belgium Denmark Iceland Germany * Liechtenstein * Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Sweden Switzerland * United Kingdom * = German speaking country

Causes of WWI - Nationalism Pan-Slavism  - movement to unify all of the Slavic people

Causes of WWI - Imperialism

Causes of WWI - Imperialism

The “Spark”

Causes of WWI - Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.

Causes of WWI - Assassination

Causes of WWI - Assassination Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.

Causes of WWI - Assassination Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. · example of Pan-German nationalism Russia pledged their support for Serbia. · example of Pan-Slavic nationalism

The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges their support for Russia. Germany declares war on France. Germany invades Belgium on the way to France. Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

Allied Powers: Central Powers: Germany Great Britain World War I France Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Russia Italy

American Neutrality · Officially, the U.S. was a neutral country. · However, we traded food, weapons, oil, steel, and other goods far more with the Allied Powers than with the Central Powers.

· Both the Allied Powers and Central powers used propaganda in order to support their cause by making their enemies seem savage.

Freedom of the Seas · The U.S., as a neutral nation, claimed the right to trade with either side in the war. · However, Britain and Germany set up blockades around the British and German coasts.

· German submarines, called U-boats, torpedoed enemy ships and neutral ships trading with the enemy.

A German U-boat Torpedoes a Steamer, circa 1916

· In 1915, a German submarine torpedoed the Lusitania, a British passenger ship, killing approximately 1,200 people, including 128 Americans.

· Americans were infuriated with the destruction of the Lusitania.

Moving Toward War Zimmermann telegram: – secret message from Germany to Mexico urging Mexico to attack the U.S. if the U.S. declared war on Germany – Germany promised to help Mexico regain land it lost to the U.S. in the Mexican War. * The U.S. declared war on the Central Powers in 1917.

(above) Zimmermann Telegram as Received by the German Ambassador to Mexico, 01/19/1917 (right) decoded words

Zimmermann Telegram: Decoded Message

Mexico was offered material aid in the reclamation of territory lost during the Mexican-American War, specifically the American states of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.

Now this is what you call a World War! Allied – Green - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I Central – Orange - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Powers Review of all: http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome06/

The Selective Service Act was passed by Congress on May 18, 1917. When the US first entered WWI, the total size of the US army was around 110,000. Three weeks after war was declared, only 32,000 had volunteered for service. All males aged 21-30 were required to register for military service. (The age limit was later changed to include all men aged 18-45.) By the end of WWI, some 24 mil. men had registered, and some 2.8 mil. had been drafted. More than half of the almost 4.8 mil. Americans who served in the armed forces were drafted. The WWI draft had a high success rate, with less than 350,000 men ”dodging” the draft.

GA’s Role in WWI Between 85,000 to 100,000 Georgians joined the US armed forces. Many soldiers around the SE came to GA for training at one of our many training facilities: 1.) Camp Benning, 2.) Fort McPherson, 3.) and Camp Gordon. Georgians on the home-front created uniforms, grew additional food (“liberty gardens”), sold war bonds, and worked for the Red Cross. GA railroads played a key role in transporting arms, ammunition, and soldiers to GA ports for sail to Europe. Over 3,000 Georgians gave their lives to this war. 100,000+ American servicemen died in total.

The end of World War I January 1918, President Woodrow Wilson issued his “Fourteen Points” on which he hoped the treaty ending the war would be based. His 14th Point called for the founding of an organization called the League of Nations. There, issues could be discussed and resolved, and collective action could be taken against those who became aggressive against others. President Woodrow Wilson President during WWI

The End of World War I; con’t. On November 11, 1918, at 11 A.M. both sides signed an armistice, an agreement to stop fighting while coming to terms for a peace treaty. Negotiations began at the palace of Versailles outside of Paris, France. Palace of Versailles Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles Name of the treaty that ended WWI was the Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles was a punishing treaty Germany had to admit guilt for causing the war Germany had to pay the Allies for damages Germany lost some of its former land, as did the Austrian Empire *The treaty created great resentment in Germany. The seeds of World War II were planted at the end of World War I, which was called “The War to End All Wars.” The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28th, 1919.

Pandemic “A world-wide epidemic” In the winter of 1918, a deadly form of influenza called the Spanish flu. At this time there were no vaccines or treatment. The disease hit quickly, with many of its victim dying within a few hours. In Georgia, the first cases were at Ft. Screven near Savannah in September then it moved to Camp Hancock in Augusta and then to Camp Gordon in Chamblee by early October of 1918. Those between the ages of 20-40 were hit the hardest. Georgia was hit not, but not as hard as some other states. United States victims: 650,000 World-wide: 20-50 million