Powered by Rock Dr Liam Herringshaw Earth's Energy Systems.

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Presentation transcript:

Powered by Rock Dr Liam Herringshaw Earth's Energy Systems

Lecture 2

Class structure 1) Opening statements 2) For v Against 3) My evidence 4) Jury decision

UK coal dependence

UK coal % of UK electricity coal-powered – (up from 30% in 2011) 64 million tonnes (54.9m for electricity)

The geology of coal

Accumulation of plants + minerals in water Compression = loss of water & volatiles Coalification

Types of coal Lignite – bituminous coal – anthracite Increasing Carbon content: Peat ~60% Anthracite 95% or more

A global resource

Geological distribution Land plants abundant since Devonian Coal formation during warm, humid periods of Earth history

The Black Country 1709 – Abraham Darby's coke 1769 – James Watt's steam engine

The case for coal Your arguments in favour (with reference/s)

The case against coal Your arguments in opposition (with reference/s)

My evidence

Sending coals to Newcastle 64 million tonnes (54.9m for electricity) 44.8m tonnes imported: – Russia, Colombia, USA, Australia DECC, 2013

How much coal in UK? National Coal Board, 1977: – Resources: 190 bn tonnes – Reserves: 45 bn tonnes (700 years') UK government, 2011: – Reserves: 3.2 bn tonnes (50 years')

New coal power Underground Coal Gasification (UCG)

New coal power Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Controlled partial combustion Produces synthetic gas – Gas-fired power – Can be converted to syn-diesel Better/cleaner than oil diesel UK resources: 17 bn tonnes (BGS)

Clean coal? Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

White Rose CCS Capture, transport & inject industrial CO2 into deep, brine-filled sandstone 70km off E. Yorks coast

Safe coal? Chinese smog – >250,000 deaths in 2011 Direct deaths (2008) China: 1 per 0.7m tonnes mined USA: 1 per 25m tonnes mined Deaths/cases per TWh (Markandya & Wilkinson 2007)

UK health burden (Markandya & Wilkinson 2007)

Environmental impact GHG emissions by energy source (Markandya & Wilkinson 2007)

Environmental impact 2008 – 14 million m3 of methane emitted from abandoned UK coal mines (UN, 2010) Not included in UK greenhouse gas emissions data But: Abandoned Mine Methane (AMM) Coal Mine Methane (CMM) Coal Bed Methane (CBM)

Jury decision Should coal be part of the future UK energy mix? Consider: – Cost & availability – Health & safety – Energy security – Environmental impact

Next week Oil & Gas (incl. fracking)

The Hat of Random Energy Judgement 5 x FOR 5 x AGAINST 6 x NEUTRAL (jury)

Next week: Oil & Gas FOR – make an argument in favour of hydrocarbons AGAINST – make an argument against Are they part of our future energy mix?

Another decision! Extra class after final week? – (would be March 17 th ) Or two 3-hour classes?

Resources / IEA: USGS: BGS: DECC: