Pavement Preservation Protecting the Investment and the Environment R. Gary Hicks CP2 Center, Chico, CA Prepared for CEAC 2014 Conference March 26-28, 2014

Presentation Overview Pavement Preservation - Pavement Preservation - What, Why & How What, Why & How Benefits of Pavement preservation Benefits of Pavement preservation Cost Cost Energy Energy Emissions Emissions

Pavement Preservation – What is it? Sum of all activities to provide and maintain serviceable roadways Sum of all activities to provide and maintain serviceable roadways Includes Includes Corrective & Preventive Maintenance Corrective & Preventive Maintenance Minor & Major Rehab Minor & Major Rehab

Philosophy Right Treatment Right Pavement Right Time

Typical Treatments Seals (Fog, Slurry, Chip) Seals (Fog, Slurry, Chip) Crack Seal/Fill Crack Seal/Fill Micro-Surfacing Micro-Surfacing Thin HMA Overlays Thin HMA Overlays Thin Bonded HMA Thin Bonded HMA Cold recycling Cold recycling Crack & Joint Seal Partial & Full Depth Repair Undersealing Dowel Bar Retrofit Diamond Grinding & Grooving ACPCC Maintenance of Drainage Features

Time or Traffic Condition Pavement Preservation - Concept Rehabilitation Trigger Preventive Trigger Original Pavement Optimal Timing

Pavement Preservation – Why? Protect the Investment. Protect the Investment. Improve Level of Service. Improve Level of Service. Extend Pavement Life. Extend Pavement Life. Reduce energy and environmental impacts Reduce energy and environmental impacts Reduce Overall Life Cycle Cost. Reduce Overall Life Cycle Cost. Trillion Dollar$ - Interstate System Alone!

Treatment Rules Joint/Crack Sealing, Surface Seals Patching, Thin Overlays Reconstruction Excellent Failed Age Overlays, Recycling

Cost Excellent Failed Time or Traffic Condition $1 to $2/yd 2 2 $5 to $70/yd 2

Pavement Preservation - Challenges Philosophy - “Worst First” Philosophy - “Worst First” Top Management Support Top Management Support Dedicated Funding Dedicated Funding Applicable Research & Relevant Training Applicable Research & Relevant Training Data Tracking & Early Benefits Data Tracking & Early Benefits Safety Safety

Pavement Preservation - Benefits Customer Satisfaction Customer Satisfaction Informed Decision Making Informed Decision Making Improved Network Pavement Condition Improved Network Pavement Condition Improved Strategies & Techniques Improved Strategies & Techniques Lower Life Cycle Cost Lower Life Cycle Cost Safety Safety Patience & Persistence!!!

Statewide Needs Assessment This 2012 report identifies that approximately $8 billion is needed over the next 10 years to bring California roads and streets to a sustainable level This 2012 report identifies that approximately $8 billion is needed over the next 10 years to bring California roads and streets to a sustainable level If current funding is maintained over the next 10 years,25% of California roads and streets will be in a failed condition If current funding is maintained over the next 10 years,25% of California roads and streets will be in a failed condition

Example of Cost Savings Budget contains $1,500,000 for pavement reconstruction, rehabilitation and maintenance. Budget contains $1,500,000 for pavement reconstruction, rehabilitation and maintenance. Typical breakdown: Typical breakdown: $1,000,000 for Rehab and Reconstruction (will usually be dedicated to specific projects) $1,000,000 for Rehab and Reconstruction (will usually be dedicated to specific projects) $500,000 for Maintenance (usually defined as patching, minor repairs, etc.) (Preventive Maintenance Usually comes from Here) $500,000 for Maintenance (usually defined as patching, minor repairs, etc.) (Preventive Maintenance Usually comes from Here)

What Can You Accomplish with the Rehabilitation Money? Assumptions 6” Mill and Fill is used as the reconstruct vehicle 6” Mill and Fill is used as the reconstruct vehicle HMA Costs are $75 per ton (in-place) (all inclusive) HMA Costs are $75 per ton (in-place) (all inclusive) No Disposal or Dumping Fees No Disposal or Dumping Fees Costs ~ $25.00 per SY for rehab and $4.00 per sy for PM Costs ~ $25.00 per SY for rehab and $4.00 per sy for PM Total Yards able to be Reconstructed with Budget? Total Yards able to be Reconstructed with Budget? $1,000,000 ÷ $25/SY = 40,000 SY Reconstructed. $1,000,000 ÷ $25/SY = 40,000 SY Reconstructed. Or 5.7 Lane Miles (Lane Mile equals 12’ x 5280 or 7,040sy). Or 5.7 Lane Miles (Lane Mile equals 12’ x 5280 or 7,040sy). Using this “Worst First” mentality, if you own 300 Lane Miles of Roadway, you’ll be able to work on each lane mile once every… 52.6 years… Using this “Worst First” mentality, if you own 300 Lane Miles of Roadway, you’ll be able to work on each lane mile once every… 52.6 years…

What if you… Delay the rehab ONE year... and use that money to do a preventive maintenance program instead? Delay the rehab ONE year... and use that money to do a preventive maintenance program instead? Average Costs of PM Treatments are $ $6.00 per SY Average Costs of PM Treatments are $ $6.00 per SY So… $1,000,000 ÷ $4 = 250,000 SY or 35 lane miles which places your 300 lane miles on a 8.5 year cycle. Much more realistic. So… $1,000,000 ÷ $4 = 250,000 SY or 35 lane miles which places your 300 lane miles on a 8.5 year cycle. Much more realistic. But what about the reconstruct roadway?... If you use the $500,000 that you dedicated to Maintenance you can do half this year and half next year… By that time you’ll have 70 lane miles maintained. But what about the reconstruct roadway?... If you use the $500,000 that you dedicated to Maintenance you can do half this year and half next year… By that time you’ll have 70 lane miles maintained.

Summary of Cost Example Summary of Cost Example AlternateFunds for rehab, $ Funds for Preservation,$ Rehab- Lane Miles treated Preservation Miles treated 11,000, , ,0001,000, Total1,500,

Energy Use and Emissions Many pavement treatments used consume lots of energy. Pavement preservation treatments reduce the energy use and in many instances by a significant amount Many pavement treatments used consume lots of energy. Pavement preservation treatments reduce the energy use and in many instances by a significant amount California global warming solutions legislation (AB 32) established proactive steps to reduce GHG’s to 1990 levels by Pavement preservation will help to accomplish this goal. California global warming solutions legislation (AB 32) established proactive steps to reduce GHG’s to 1990 levels by Pavement preservation will help to accomplish this goal.

Preservation Process Energy and GHG Determinations Energy and GHG emissions for preservation treatments are also calculated for the entire process including raw materials, quantities used in the process, product manufacturing, transportation, and installation Energy and GHG emissions for preservation treatments are also calculated for the entire process including raw materials, quantities used in the process, product manufacturing, transportation, and installation

Energy Use for Preservation Processes (BTU/sy)

GHG Emissions For Preservation Processes (Lb CO2/sy)

Annual Energy Use for Preservation Processes (BTU/sy/yr)

Annual GHG for Preservation Processes (lb CO2/sy/yr)

Comparison of Annualized Energy Use Results Lowest Energy (<1000 Btu/sy/yr) Lowest Energy (<1000 Btu/sy/yr) -Crack Seal and Fog Seal -Crack Seal and Fog Seal Medium Energy ( Btu/sy/yr) Medium Energy ( Btu/sy/yr) -Crack Fill, Slurry Seal, Chip Seal, and CIR -Crack Fill, Slurry Seal, Chip Seal, and CIR Highest Energy (3,000-10,000 Btu/sy/yr) Highest Energy (3,000-10,000 Btu/sy/yr) -Thin Hot Mix Overlay, HIR, New Construction, Hot Mix Rehabilitation, and Warm Mix Rehabilitation -Thin Hot Mix Overlay, HIR, New Construction, Hot Mix Rehabilitation, and Warm Mix Rehabilitation

Comparison of Annualized GHG Emission Results Lowest (<0.15 lb CO2/sy/yr) Lowest (<0.15 lb CO2/sy/yr) -Crack Seal, Fog Seal Medium ( lb CO2/sy/yr) Medium ( lb CO2/sy/yr) -Crack Fill, Slurry Seal, Chip Seal, and CIR Highest ( lb CO2/sy/yr) Highest ( lb CO2/sy/yr) -Thin Hot Mix Overlay, HIR, New Construction, Hot Mix Rehabilitation, Warm Mix Rehabilitation

Preservation treatments are cost effective Preservation treatments are cost effective Preservation treatments use less energy and generate less GHG emissions than new construction or rehabilitation. Preservation treatments use less energy and generate less GHG emissions than new construction or rehabilitation. Preservation treatments should be utilized to the maximum extent possible to save money, energy, and the environment Preservation treatments should be utilized to the maximum extent possible to save money, energy, and the environment Findings

What is next in this session? Case histories on CIR, FDR, and soil stabilization Case histories on CIR, FDR, and soil stabilization Summary related to the energy and environmental benefits of preservation Summary related to the energy and environmental benefits of preservation

Any Questions Any Questions For more information, please contact R. Gary Hicks PhD, P.E. LA County was able to reduce GHG by 88% and saved nearly $8 million in the past 4 years using Preservation Treatments