Tobacco What You Should Know

Who Am I? Cheyenne Overby 26 years old Born and raised in Florida Lived in Austin for 2 + years Work for the American Cancer Society 6 brothers and sisters, 1 of which is an addict Diehard college football fan

Today’s Discussion Cancer Facts and Figures Assess your Tobacco Know How Tobacco Facts Effects of Tobacco Tobacco and Cancer Benefits of Quitting American Cancer Society Can Help

What is Cancer? Cancer is the general name for a group of more than 100 diseases in which cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control. Although there are many kinds of cancer, they all start because of abnormal cells growth. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and even death.

Cancer Statistics Over a lifetime, one in two men in the United States will develop cancer. Over a lifetime, one in three women in the United States will develop cancer. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, exceeded only by heart disease. It is estimated that 577,190 Americans will die from cancer this year; 160,340 will die from lung and bronchus cancer.

Most Common Cancer Sites for Men and Women Prostate (241,740) Lung (116,470) Bladder (55,600) Colon (49,920) For Women: Breast (226,870) Lung (109,690) Uterine (59,300) Colon (53,250)

Leading Cancer Type Deaths For Men: Lung (87,750) Prostate (28,170) For Women: Lung (72,590) Breast (39,510)

Preventing Cancer Through Lifestyle Changes Reducing your risk of cancer through… Practice good nutrition Become physically active Protect your skin from the sun Get regular check-ups and talk with your doctor about screening tests for early detection Stay away from tobacco and tobacco smoke

Test Your Knowledge Smoking is harmful only if you smoke for a long time– 20 to 30 years or more. True False If you smoke a pack a day for one year, it will cost you: $500 $1,500 $2,600 $3,500 Answers: Question 1: True Question 1: Nicotine is as addictive as Cocaine and Heroin Question 2: $2600

Test Your Knowledge Nicotine in tobacco is highly addictive. True False Spit tobacco is a safe and non-addictive alternative to cigarettes. Answers: Question 1: True Question 1: Nicotine is as addictive as Cocaine and Heroin Question 2: False Question 2: Light cigarettes do not lower your health risk and there is no proof that the all natural cigarettes are healthier or safer

Test Your Knowledge 18 years old Which of the following chemicals are found in cigarette smoke? Ammonia Cyanide Formaldehyde All of the above Almost 68% of smokers start smoking regularly at: 15 years old 18 years old 21 years old 25 years old Answers: Question 1: All of the Above Question 2: 18 years old Question 2: 1 in 3 high school boys and 1 in 5 high school girls smoke. 10% of middle school boys and 7% of middle school girls use tobacco

Test Your Knowledge 25 million 75 million Murder How many adults smoke? 25 million 42 million 75 million Tobacco kills more people each year than which of the following causes of death? Illegal drugs Car crashes AIDS Murder Suicide Answers: Question 1: 42 million, 18.1% of Americans Question 1: Question 2: All of the Above

Tobacco Facts Tobacco is the single most preventable cause of death In the United States Tobacco causes about 443,000 premature deaths each year or 1 in 5 deaths. Tobacco is expected to cause more than 175 million total deaths between 2005 and 2030 Activity: Have them all stand and count off by 5s. Have all the 1s, 2s, 3s, and 4s sit down the 5s represent the 1 in 5 chance if they smoked that they would die prematurely from tobacco-related disease.

Tobacco Products Cigarettes Spit Tobacco Chewing Tobacco Dip Cigars Pipes 8.9 Million people us smokeless or spit tobacco 13.2 million people use Cigars 2.2 million people use tobacco in pipes Chewing Tobacco: tobacco leaves are cut into strips; can be loosely packed, pressed into bricks, or twisted into ropes; used by placing golf ball-size wad between the check and gum towards the back of the month. Dip: tobacco leaves are cut up very fine like powder; used by placing a small pinch between the lower lip and teeth. Each tin of dip and every package of chew has as much nicotine as 30-40 cigarettes. Sugar, molasses and other flavorings are added to enhance the flavor of spit tobacco. Spit tobacco also contains nicotine and high concentrations of nitrosamines, a cancer causing chemical. Cigars and Pipes: contains the same deadly chemicals as other forms of tobacco; most chemicals and nicotine are absorbed by the lining of the mouth and throat Pipe tobacco: often combined with sugar, honey, and other flavorings to enhance its taste and smell Cigar: secondhand smoke from one cigar equals the amount from 3 cigarettes Cigars generally contain up to twelve times the amount of nicotine as do cigarettes and have more than thirty times the carbon monoxide of one cigarette! Beedies, Bidis, Beadies: contain crushed tobacco leaves which are hand-rolled in Tendu leaves that grow in India; sold in different flavors such as vanilla, strawberry, chocolate; contain up to 8% nicotine compared to 1-2% nicotine in America cigarettes; do not have filters; sell for 10 cents a pack in India, cost around $3 in US and are seen as trendy

What is in tobacco products? Nicotine is the highly addictive substance in tobacco. Scientists estimate that there are more than 4,000 known chemical compounds in cigarette smoke: Nicotine Ammonia Formaldehyde Cyanide Nicotine: The addictive substance in tobacco. It alters and controls cells in the brain responsible for controlling moods and memory. Enters the bloodstream and travels to the brain in less than 10 seconds and stays active in the body for 20-40 minutes. Immediate effects: lowers skin temperature, increases heart rate, shortness of breath, causes blood vessels to constrict resulting in reduced blood flow to extremities Long Term effects: high blood pressure, blockage of blood vessels, reduction in effectiveness of immune system, wrinkling of the skin Acetone Methanol Carbon Monoxide

Health Effects of Smoking Causes Cancer Can cause heart disease, aneurysms, bronchitis, emphysema, and stroke. Weakens immune system Damages arteries

Immediate Effects on Your Health Shortness of breath Reduced fitness and endurance Increased heart rate Early signs of heart disease Increased risk of lung cancer Less ability to smell and taste Premature aging of the skin Bad breath Stained teeth Elevated blood pressure Gingivitis

Long-term Effects on Your Health Heart Disease Lung Disease COPD Emphysema Chronic bronchitis Chronic Cough Cancer Premature impotence Oral disease Complete loss of taste/smell On the heart: Leading risk factor for heart attacks and vascular disease. Tobacco use promotes plaque build-up which narrows blood vessels. Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen capacity of the blood. Nicotine increases the average smoker’s heart rate by 10 beats per minute On the lungs: smoking can lead to chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma, emphysema Cause of Cancer: Lung, Trachea, larynx, oral cavity, bronchus , esophagus; contributes to bladder, pancreas, kidney. Smoking causes about 150,000 cancer deaths per year. Diseases of the mouth: smoking can lead to pre-cancerous sores, gum recession, bone loss around teeth, abrasion and loss of teeth. Death and injury from residential fires: Fires caused by smoking materials kill more people than fires ignited by any other cause.

Looking at Your Lungs Healthy Lung Lung with Emphysema Lung with Smoking causes many lung diseases that can be just as bad as cancer COPD- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (bronchitis and emphysema) Chronic Bronchitis (Mucus build up) Emphysema (destroy ability to breath) Emphysema: is caused by smoking, destroys the lung’s ability to expand and contract. Some of the tiny air sacs (alveoli) in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged have burst or ballooned. The charred, blackened tar develops not just in the lungs but wherever cigarette smoke travels. Lung with Cancer Tumor: (circular-shaped and located at top of image) Tumors steal nutrition and energy from the rest of the body. They can grow large enough to block vital functions and can spread. Healthy Lung Lung with Emphysema Lung with Cancer Tumor

Effects from Spit Tobacco Looking at Your Teeth Left image: is an example of the following, discoloration of teeth and gum recession Right image: pre cancerous sores (white spotted area in right) Effects from Spit Tobacco

Passive Smoking (Second-hand Smoke) Occurs when non-smokers breathe other people’s tobacco smoke. There is no safe level of exposure for second-hand smoke. it contains the same harmful chemicals the smokers inhale. Question: Where do you encounter second-hand smoke?

What did we learn? Tobacco use is the most preventable cause of death in our society 25% of all adults are current smokers, and although more men smoke than women, the gender gap is narrowing quickly For men, 75% of those diagnosed with lung cancer will die from it For women, 66% of those diagnosed with lung cancer will die from it

And one more thing… Smoking also causes cancers of the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, lip, larynx (voice box), mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus (swallowing tube), and bladder. It also has been linked to the development of other cancers of the pancreas, cervix, ovary (mucinous), colon/rectum, kidney, stomach, and some types of leukemia.

Remember what we told you… For Men: Prostate (241,740) Lung (116,470) Bladder (55,600) Colon (49,920) For Women: Breast (226,870) Lung (109,690) Uterine (59,300) Colon (53,250)

Never too Late to Quit It is never too late to quit using tobacco. The sooner smokers quit, the more they can reduce their chances of getting cancer and other diseases. Within minutes of smoking the last cigarette, the body begins to restore itself.

Benefits of Quitting 20 minutes after quitting: heart rate and blood pressure drop to normal; body temperature of hands and feet increases to normal 8 hours after quitting: Oxygen level in blood increases to normal 48 hours after quitting: nerve endings start regrowing; ability to taste and smell is enhanced. 12 hours after quitting: carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normal 2 weeks to 3 months after quitting: circulation improves and lung function increases 1 to 9 months after quitting: coughing and shortness of breath decreases; cilia regain normal function increasing ability to handle mucus, clean the lungs, and reduce risk of infection 1 year after quitting: excess risk of coronary heard disease is half of a continuing smokers 5 years after quitting: Risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and bladder are cut in half; cervical cancer risk falls to that of a non smoker. Stroke risk can fall to that of a non smoker after 2-5 years of not smoking 10 years after quitting: The risk of dying from lung cancer is about half that of a person who is still smoking 15 years after quitting: the risk of heart disease is that of a non smoker

So How Do I Quit?

Contact The American Cancer Society Quitline 1-877-YES-QUIT or We Can Help!! Contact The American Cancer Society Quitline 1-877-YES-QUIT or Visit the American Cancer Society Internet site at www.cancer.org Call toll-free, 1–800–227–2345