What is the function of blood? ___________ -- ________, proteins, cells ___________ __________ -- immunity Damage -- clotting ___________ _____________ Reservoir BIOL 2030 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

What is blood? Comprised of 2 major categories… __________ (Plasma) & ______ _____________ _________ is mostly _____ with some suspended ______ and other _______ _______________ consist of _____, _____ and ____

Where does blood come from? ______ obtained via ___ and then ______ into blood stream. ______________ result from the process of making new blood cells… ____________ or ______________ from precursors (stem cells) that reside & multiply in red bone marrow. _____________ = yolk sac, liver, thymus, spleen & red marrow _____________ = red marrow

Where does blood come from?

Structure: Biconcave cells w/ __________ can’t conduct cell repair Purpose: Carry gases ____ (98% w/ hemoglobin) ____23% w/ hemoglobin, 70% ______ Life Span: ~_____ days Contents: ___________, ______, _____ and _____________ What’s important about Erythrocytes? 7.5 μm

Hemoglobin: 1/3 of RBC content is ___________. Each hemoglobin has _______ and ___________. 1 ___ binds with 1 _____ What’s important about Erythrocytes?

Take 5!!! What would happen to a fetus if maternal blood had an equal or greater affinity for oxygen than fetal blood? Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer

Can you say... “erythropoiesis”? How are the numbers of RBCs regulated? Since you lose ~ 2.5 million RBCs/sec. We need to replace them! Kidney responds to ________ by increasing secretion of _____________, which stimulates __________ _________. Increased RBCs results in ______. What type of feed back loop?

Take 5!!! Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide. If a non- smoker smoked a pack of cigarettes a day for a few weeks, what would happen to the number of erythrocytes in the person’s blood? Why? Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer

Where do old RBCs go when they die? RBCs are _______________ by macrophages in liver and spleen. Hemoglobin digested… _____ recycled and ___ recycled, remaining ____ is converted to __________ then ____________

_____________ WBC (60-70%) Last 1-2 days; many lost through digestive tract ____________ WBC (2-4%) Most abundant in inflamed tissue _____________ WBC (.5-1%) What are the Leukocyte “details”?

___________________ WBC (3-8%) Become macrophages, “devour” deleterious objects _________________ WBCs (20-25%) Important immunity cells What are the Leukocyte “details”?

Take 5!!! Refer to the image and decide which of the 5 types of leukocytes each represents? Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer (see Predict #4, pg. 594)

Platelets are ____________ _______________________ WBCs Originate from ______________ Platelets are an important part of hemostasis Form “plugs” and “clots” Also known as ______________ What are the Thrombocyte “details”?

The Body’s approach to ____________ includes 3 main steps 1. ___________________ Vessels walls have _______ ______________ that are contractile. These cause constriction and closure of small vessels How do you keep from bleeding to death? Don’t sustain an injury greater than your hemostatic capacity!

The Body’s approach to hemostasis includes 3 main steps 2. _______________ Platelets clump, blocking small tears in small vessels A) _____________ (platelets stick to exposed collagen) How do you keep from bleeding to death? B) ______________ initiated, platelets release ADP, thromboxane… causes even more platelet release reactions. C) _______________________________, platelets aggregate D) Platelets __________________________ (contribute to clot formation)

3. _____________________ A ______ web forms trapping _______, _______ and ______. Depends on release/activation of coagulation factors ( 13 different factors see table 19.3 ) A) Formation of ___________ B) Conversion ________ to _________ C) Conversion ________ to _________ How do you keep from bleeding to death? The Body’s approach to hemostasis includes 3 main steps

Take care of your liver and basophils… ________________ Several chemicals including: _____________ _____________ _____________ Work together to inactivate and counteract effects of thrombin Important terms… __________: an attached clot __________:a clot that has become free and is in circulation Clot retraction and dissolution ______________ pulling clot together Connective and epithelial cells ________________ ______________ by plasmin How do you keep from clotting to death?

Transfusion reactions result from mismatched blood and may result in death! ___________ in the plasma attach to __________ on red blood cells. These clump, occlude vessels, tissue damage then death! What’s all the fuss about blood type?

___________ depends on the presence of ________ on red blood cells Antigen Type ? Blood recipients want to know their blood type and the donors type! What’s all the fuss about blood type?

Antigens present determine antibodies present... Antigen Type AType BType ABType O Antibodies ? ? ? ? What’s all the fuss about blood type?

And then there is the “ - ” and “ + ” to deal with... Antigen Type AType BType ABType O Rh Antibodies ? ? ? ? What’s all the fuss about blood type?

Type and crossmatch Complete blood count (CBC) C-reactive protein (CRP) White blood cell count (WBC) White blood cell differential count Red blood cell count (RBC) Hemoglobin and Hematocrit (H&H) Prothrombin time (Pro-time) Blood chemistry Various and a sundry medical blood tests!