The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

Part 8 The Twentieth Century and Beyond The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Transition IV The Post-Romantic Era Post-Romanticism -Germany -Austria Impressionism France Transition IV: The Post-Romantic Era Two important movements surface at the turn of the 20th century: Post-Romanticism in Germany and Austria Impressionism in France The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Unit XXI The Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Eras “For we desire above all–nuance, Not color but half-shades! Ah! Nuance alone unites Dream with dream and flute with horn.” —Paul Verlaine The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

63. Debussy and Impressionism The Impressionist Painters French Monet Manet Degas Pisarro Renoir Light and color Reaction to Romanticism 60. Debussy and Impressionism The Impressionist Painters Impressionism was a French movement developed by painters Claude Monet, Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas, Camille Pissarro, Auguste Renoir “First impression” of a subject captured by use of light and color Abandoned grandiose subjects of Romanticism Claude Debussy The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition The Symbolist Poets “Symbolism…. The secret of this movement is nothing other than this…. We were nourished on music, and our literary minds only dreamt of extracting from language virtually the same effects that music caused on our nervous system.” —Paul Valéry Literary response Charles Baudelaire Stéphane Mallarmé Paul Verlaine Arthur Rimbaud Sound of a word as well as its meaning The Symbolist Poets Literary response to the movement was Symbolism Charles Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé, Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud Poets were sensitive to the sound of a ward as well as its meaning The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Impressionism in Music Impressionistic music characterized by ancient scales (church modes of the Middle Ages) exotic scales (chromatic, whole tone) unresolved dissonances parallel chords, ninth chords orchestral color free rhythm Short lyric forms (preludes, nocturnes, arabesques) Machaut: modally based Debussy. “Voiles” (whole tone scales) Debussy. “La cathédrale engloutie” (parallel scales) Impressionism in Music Impressionists turned away from large forms and preferred short lyric forms (preludes, nocturnes, arabesques) Impressionistic music characterized by: ancient scales (church modes of the Middle Ages) exotic scales (chromatic, whole tone) unresolved dissonances parallel chords, ninth chords orchestral color free rhythm Short lyric forms (preludes, nocturnes, arabesques Faure. Pelleas et Mélisande, “Sicilienne” The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Claude Debussy (1862–1918) French composer Impressionist Paris Conservatory Prix de Rome Opera Pelléas and Mélisande (1902) Died in 1918 French composer Impressionist Paris Conservatory Prix de Rome Opera Pelléas and Mélisande (1902) World War I Died in 1918 “I am more and more convinced that music is not, in essence, a thing which can be cast into a traditional and fixed form. It is made up of color and rhythms.” Debussy: Pélleas et Mélisande, Act I, Scene 3 The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Debussy’s output: Orchestral works: La mer, three nocturnes Prelude to “The Afternoon of a Faun” Piano works: Clair de lune Evening in Granada Reflections in the Water The Sunken Cathedral French songs Chamber music Composed slowly, relatively small output Most recognized works: Orchestral works: La mer, three nocturnes, Prelude to “The Afternoon of a Faun” Piano works: Clair de lune, Evening in Granada, Reflections in the Water, The Sunken Cathedral French song: independent of the German Lied Chamber music: String Quartet in G minor, sonatas for cello and piano; violin and piano; flute, viola, and harp The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Debussy: Prelude to “The Afternoon of a Faun” (Listening Guide) Mallarmé pastoral poem Mythological faun Free ternary form Chromatic melody Debussy: Prelude to “The Afternoon of a Faun” (Listening Guide) Based on Mallarmé pastoral poem Mythological Faun Free ternary form Chromatic melody Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition www.wwnorton.com/enjoy The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition